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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Eye irritation

Currently viewing:

Administrative data

Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1999-03-25 until 1999-04-21
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1999
Report date:
1999

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
Version / remarks:
Feb. 24 1987
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
Version / remarks:
Jan. 1993
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 870.2400 (Acute Eye Irritation)
Version / remarks:
Aug. 1999
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Lithium nitrate
EC Number:
232-218-9
EC Name:
Lithium nitrate
Cas Number:
7790-69-4
Molecular formula:
HNO3.Li
IUPAC Name:
lithium nitrate
Test material form:
solid: crystalline

Test animals / tissue source

Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Covance, Denver, PA, U.S.A
- Weight at study initiation: 2.52-2.73 kg
- Housing: animals were individually housed in stainless steel cages
- Diet: Purina High Fiber Rabbit Chow 5326 was provided ad libitum
- Water: Fresh tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days prior to study start

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 66-68
- Humidity (%): 52-57
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Test system

Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
other: the untreated eye of each animal (left eye) was used as a control
Amount / concentration applied:
0.1 mL
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Duration of exposure is the duration of study as the eyes were not washed after test item application
Observation period (in vivo):
1, 24 , 48, 72 hours after application and 7 days after application
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
6 animals, 3 males and 3 females
Details on study design:
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: not done

SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: fluorescein

Results and discussion

In vivo

Resultsopen allclose all
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Basis:
animal #1
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Basis:
animal #2
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Basis:
animal #3
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Basis:
animal #4
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Basis:
animal #5
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Basis:
animal #6
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
iris score
Basis:
animal #1
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0.33
Max. score:
2
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 48 hours
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
iris score
Basis:
animal #2
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0
Max. score:
2
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
iris score
Basis:
animal #3
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0.33
Max. score:
2
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 48 hours
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
iris score
Basis:
animal #4
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
2
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
iris score
Basis:
animal #5
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
0.33
Max. score:
2
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 48 hours
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
iris score
Basis:
animal #6
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
2
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
conjunctivae score
Basis:
animal #1
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
3
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
conjunctivae score
Basis:
animal #2
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
3
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 48 hours
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
conjunctivae score
Basis:
animal #3
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1.33
Max. score:
3
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
conjunctivae score
Basis:
animal #4
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
2
Max. score:
3
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
conjunctivae score
Basis:
animal #5
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
2
Max. score:
3
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
conjunctivae score
Basis:
animal #6
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
2
Max. score:
3
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
chemosis score
Basis:
animal #1
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 72 hours
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
chemosis score
Basis:
animal #2
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
1
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 72 hours
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
chemosis score
Basis:
animal #3
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
2.33
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
chemosis score
Basis:
animal #4
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
2.67
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
chemosis score
Basis:
animal #5
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
2.33
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
chemosis score
Basis:
animal #6
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
2.33
Max. score:
4
Reversibility:
fully reversible within: 7 days
Remarks on result:
positive indication of irritation
Irritant / corrosive response data:
At the 1 hour scoring, slight to mild corneal opacities, slight conjunctival redness, slight to mild chemosis, severe discharge, and gray areas on the conjunctivae were noted. Additionally, three rabbits had miosis. During the 24-hour scoring, slight corneal opacities, iritis, moderate conjunctivitis, and a positive reaction to fluorescein were observed. Irritation gradually resolved and all eyes had completely recovered by study day 7.

Any other information on results incl. tables

All animals remained healthy throughout the study. No changes were observed in necropsy.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:
Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
Conclusions:
Lithium nitrate is judged to be irritating to the intact eyes of New Zealand White rabbits in this acute eye irritation study.
Executive summary:

The eye irritating potential of lithium nitrate was assessed in this acute eye irritation study according to OECD guideline 405 and EU method B.5. One single anesthetized rabbit was dosed with lithium nitrate prior to the start of the definitive study to minimize pain. Since only moderate irritation was noted in this rabbit, six rabbits (3 males and 3 females, New Zealand White) were dosed in the following manner. Lithium nitrate was instilled into the right eye of each of the six rabbits at a dose of 0.10 mL dry volume measure. Eyes were assessed for irritation using the Draize method 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing, and on day 7. At the 1 hour scoring, slight to mild corneal opacities, slight conjunctival redness, slight to mild chemosis, severe discharge and gray areas on the conjunctivae were noted. Additionally, three rabbits had miosis. During the 24-hour scoring slight corneal opacities, iritis, moderate conjunctivitis, and a positive reaction to fluorescein were observed. Irritation gradually resolved and all eyes had completely recovered by study day 7. Lithium nitrate is judged to be moderately irritating. (FMC, 1999)