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EC number: 218-871-2 | CAS number: 2269-22-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- the infomation in the publication is limited to the information made available in this summary
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 215 (Fish, Juvenile Growth Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- design seems similar to OECD 215
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Aluminium content 20.24%
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- on day 30 100 mL samples preseverd with nitric acid for total aluminium and 250 mL samples filtered through anion exchange column ((Dowex 50, 20-50 mesh, sodium form) for measurement of organic aluminium
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- stock solutions in deionized water
- Test organisms (species):
- Salmo salar
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Atlantic salmon
- Source: Craig Brooke National Fish Hatchery, Orono, Maine, USA
- Age at study initiation: alevins (sac fry)
- Length/weight at study initiation: no data
- Food type: commercial salmon diet (Bioproducts inc) ad libitum + twice daily brine shrimp nauplii
- Maintenance of the brood fish: in well water (500 mg/L CaCO3 at pH 7.2)
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days
- Acclimation conditions: similar to test conditions
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: no data
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no data - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 30 d
- Hardness:
- 8.6-8.9 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 12 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- 5.5 and 6.5 (two separate tests) adjusted with sulfuric acid
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data (accurately maintained through aeration)
- Conductivity:
- 3.3 umhos/com
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal 0 and 200 ug/L (as Al)
measured: 1 and 79 ug/L (as Al) at pH 5.5; 2 and 222 ug/L (as Al) at pH 6.5 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquaria with 3 chambers (23 L and two of 11.4 L)
- Aeration: yes
- Flow through system: proportial dilution:
- No. of organisms per vessel: 100 (60 in 23 L chamber for histopathology of the gills, 20 in each 11.4 L chambers for growth measurements)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality daily; weight and length at the end of the test
TEST CONCENTRATIONS: 0 and 200 ug/L (as Al)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionized water
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Alkalinity: 4.7 and 46.1 u-equi/L at pH 5.5 and 6.5 resp,
- Ca/mg ratio: no data
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes
- Intervals of water quality measurement: measured but no intervals mentiond
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes
- Photoperiod: to simulate April conditions in Maine
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: at both pHs based on length, weight and general condition
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 47 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: ionic Al
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 5.5 based on effects on length, weight and general condition
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: aluminium hydroxides
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 5.5 effects on weight, length and general behaviour
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: Al inoised
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 6.5 based on effects on weight, length and general behaviour
- Key result
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 118 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- other: aluminium hydroxides
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 6.5 based on effects on weight, length and general behaviour
- Details on results:
- Mortality at pH 5.5 on day 30 was about 20% at in controls and at 200 ug/L
Mortality at pH 6.5 on day 30 was 3.5% and 4.5% in controls and at 200 ug/L
At both pH values effects on the gills were observed
at pH 6.5: thickening of gill filaments and secondary lamellae
at pH 5.5: swelling of gill epithelial cells and wrinkled appearance of the filaments and reduction of the lamellae - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- ANOVA
- Conclusions:
- The LOEC in a fish study with AlCl3 was 200 ug/l (as Al)
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 210 (Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purity 98%
Aluminium content 8.56% - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Weekly from all concentrations
Samples were analysed as such or after filtration (0.1 um filter)
total Al acidified unfiltered (2/concentration/week)
total Al acidified filtered (2/concentration/week)
extractable Al filtered (2/concentration/week)
extractable Al unfiltered (3-4/concentration/week) - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- stock solutions were prepared in reverse osmosis water
- Test organisms (species):
- Salvelinus fontinalis
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: brook trout
- Source (eggs): eyed eggs from Beity's Resort Valley Washington
- Subsequent handling of eggs: maintained over night at pH 7.2 at 12°C
POST-HATCH FEEDING: no data
FEEDING DURING TEST: no data
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 60 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- exposure during egg, alevin, fry and fingerling stages
- Hardness:
- 245-256 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 12°C
- pH:
- test at pH 5.5: 5.6-5.7
test at pH 6.5: 6.5-6.6 - Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- test at pH 5.5 as total Al: 8 (control), 29, 68 ,142 and 292 ug/L; as complexed with OH solid: 0, 11, 50, 121 and 271 ug/L; as complexed with OH soluble:7 (control), 17, 17, 20 and 20 ug/L
test at pH 6.5 as total Al: 4 (control), 57, 88, 169 and 350 ug/L; as complexed with OH solid: 0, 35, 64, 145 and 332 ug/L; as complexed with OH soluble:4 (control), 21, 23, 24 and 18 ug/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: tank (size not indicated containing 4 177 mL glass hatching containers and after hatching 2 growth containers
- Aeration: no data
- Type of flow-through: proportional diluter
- No. of organisms per vessel: 50 eggs/hatching container; 20 larvae in growth containers, remaining larvae in main compartment of the tank
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per treatment (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reverse osmosis water
- Total organic carbon: both pH values 2.1 mg/L
- Alkalinity: at pH 5.5 9-14 mg/L as ueq/L; at pH 6.5 67-73 ueq/L
- Ca: both pH values : 3.2-3.3 mg/L:
- Intervals of water quality measurement: once during both the first and the second 30 days
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes to either 5.5 or 6.5
- Photoperiod: no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- mortality daily
- length (on fish in growth containers) on day 15, 30, 45 and 60 (photograph)
- weight derived from length on day 45 and 60
- behavioural effects (locomotor activity, prey feeding, swimming capacity and buoyancy)on 10/duplicate fish at day 30 and 60
- whole body DNA and RNA on day 15 and 30
- whole body aluminium on 10 fish/duplicate on day 15 and on 5 fish/duplicate on day 15, 30, 45
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Remarks:
- in both tests an additional control at pH 7.2 was included
- Duration:
- 60 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 142 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- total Al
- Basis for effect:
- other: locomotor, prey feeding, fry mortality, length
- Remarks on result:
- other: test at pH 5.5
- Remarks:
- result after 30 days see attached table
- Duration:
- 60 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 29 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- as total Al
- Basis for effect:
- other: swimming capacity
- Remarks on result:
- other: test at pH 5.5
- Remarks:
- result after 30 days see attached table
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 8 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- as total Al
- Basis for effect:
- other: incomplete hatch
- Remarks on result:
- other: test at pH 5.5
- Remarks:
- the NOEC is the control value effect shows dose response versus total Al
- Duration:
- 60 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 169 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- as total Al
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- fry mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: test at pH 6.5
- Remarks:
- results after 30 days see attached table
- Duration:
- 60 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 88 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- as total Al
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Remarks:
- and weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: test at pH 6.5
- Remarks:
- results after 30 days see attached table
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 57 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- as total Al
- Basis for effect:
- other: incomplete hatching
- Remarks on result:
- other: test at pH 6.5
- Remarks:
- dose-response versus total Al
- Details on results:
- For other effects after 60 days the NOEC was 292 ug/L at pH 5.5 and 350 ug/L at pH 6.5
Effect concentrations after 30 days differed from those at 60 days (see table as attached)
Effects with a clear dose response (versus total Al and complexed with OH solids):
at 30 day observation incomplete hatching, locomotor activity, prey feeding,
at 60 day observation: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- SAS programs were used to determine any significance
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC for mortality and growth effects is 141-167 ug/L
The NOEC for inconmplete hatching is 57 ug/L
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Aluminium tri-sec-butanolate dissociates instantaneously when exposed to water forming butan-1-ol and aluminium(III) species. Therefore the effects of both hydrolysis products are considered most relevant to assess the toxicity of aluminium tri-sec-butanolate.
In a test with eggs of the brook trout, the effects of aluminium could not be clearly related to total aluminium or the soluble fraction. The NOEC for increased mortality and reduced growth is 142 -169 µg/L (as total Al), while the NOEC for incomplete hatching was 57 µg/L (as total Al). The last effect shows a clear dependence on pH. The reported NOEC values are at pH 6.5 (Cleveland 1989).
The toxicity of the Aluminium chloride, which is a very soluble substance, seems mainly related to the presence of ionised aluminium and aluminium hydroxides. The LOEC in Salmo salar with AlCl3 was 200µg/l (as Al)(Hamilton 1995).
The exposure of zebrafish eggs to aluminium oxide nano particles lead to a 96 hour LC50 of > 800 mg/L. No effects on mortality, malformations and hatching time was observed (Kovriznych 2013)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 57 µg/L
Additional information
No long-term studies on butan-2-ol are available. Based on the very low toxicity of butan-2-ol in acute studies and the much higher toxicity of aluminium species, the absence of these data will not affect the risk assessment, which will be based on aluminium toxicity.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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