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EC number: 701-373-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- October 26, 2020 to 02 November, 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At the start and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was
estimated by determination of the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the test solutions
using a carbon analyser. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Due to the poor water solubility, water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) were prepared for the test. This was done by mixing the nominal loads of 0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L test substance with the corresponding amount of algal medium (demineralised water enriched with minerals but without algae) and shaking vigorously for 24 hours. After a settling time of 1 hour the resulting solutions were filtered through 0.45 μm PTFE filters.
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- Genus: Desmodesmus
Species: subspicatus
SAG Strain Number: 86.81
Taxonomic position: Chlorophyta - Chlorophyceae
Origin and Culture
The culture of Desmodesmus subspicatus was obtained in May 2020 by MBM Sciencebridge
GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen). The algae are kept
as stock culture on solid agar at 2 - 8 °C. From the stock culture, a permanent culture was
prepared. From an aliquot of the permanent culture, the pre-culture was prepared. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 21.7 – 22.2°C
- pH:
- 7.5-7.9
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Only in the two highest tested concentrations 32 mg/L and 100 mg/L, TOC was clearly detectable.
The other tested concentrations were too low and the measurement method is too
inaccurate to get meaningful results. Because clear toxicity was observed, it was shown that
the test item was present throughout the test in the test solutions and therefore, the determination of the results was based on the nominal loading rate of the WAFs. - Details on test conditions:
- Range of light intensity: 4440-8880 lux
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- The 72h-EC50 values of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No. 7778-50-9) were determined in a separate reference test. The values lay within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L).
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 25.41 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI 22.91 mg/L – 28.09 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.44 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: 2.97 mg/L – 13.79 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Details on results:
- The study was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mg/L (nominal).
Incubation time (test system Desmodesmus subspicatus) was 72 hours. The cell concentration
of each replicate was determined by measuring the cell numbers every 24 ± 1 hours with an electronic particle counter. Growth rate and the yield were determined from the cell number at the respective observation times. Significant inhibition of algal growth was observed at the following concentrations: 0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L for the endpoint yield and 0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L for the endpoint growth rate.
At the start and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was
estimated by determination of the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the test solutions
using a carbon analyser.
Only in the two highest tested concentrations 32 mg/L and 100 mg/L, TOC was clearly detectable.
The other tested concentrations were too low and the measurement method is too inaccurate to get meaningful results. Because clear toxicity was observed, it was shown that the test item was present throughout the test in the test solutions and therefore, the determination of the results was based on the nominal loading rate of the WAFs. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 72h-EC50 values of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No. 7778-50-9) were determined
in a separate reference test. The values lay within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Cell Density Increase in Control Cultures: > 16-fold; Coefficient of Variation of Sectional (Daily) Growth Rates in Control Cultures: < 35 % ; Coefficient of Variation of Average Growth between Control Cultures: < 7 %
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance to the Desmodesmus subspicatus according to OECD Guideline 201 and EU Method C.3, in compliance with GLP. Three replicates of exponentially growing algal cultures were exposed to WAFs prepared at loading rates of 0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L. In addition, six replicates were exposed to a control. The initial cell density was 2.3E+3 cells/mL and the total test period was 72 h. Samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start and the end of the test. At the start and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was estimated by determination of the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the test solutions using a carbon analyser. Only in the two highest tested concentrations 32 mg/L and 100 mg/L, TOC was clearly detectable.
The other tested concentrations were too low and the measurement method is too
inaccurate to get meaningful results. Because clear toxicity was observed, it was shown that the test item was present throughout the test in the test solutions and therefore, the determination of the results was based on the nominal loading rate of the WAFs The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid. The test substance reduced the growth of the algae at various concentrations. Based on the observations, the following results were obtained. The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72 h) was 25.41 mg/L. The EC50 for yield inhibition (EyC50: 0-72h) was 6.44 mg/L. The NOE(L)R for both growth rate reduction and yield inhibition was 1 mg/L. Under the study conditions, 72 h ErC50 and NOE(L)R for the test substance were determined to be 25.41 and 1 mg/L (Meisner, 2020).
Reference
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 25.41 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1 mg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance, to the Desmodesmus subspicatus according to OECD Guideline 201 and EU Method C.3, in compliance with GLP. Three replicates of exponentially growing algal cultures were exposed to WAFs prepared at loading rates of 0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L. In addition, six replicates were exposed to a control. The initial cell density was 2.3E+3 cells/mL and the total test period was 72 h. Samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start and the end of the test. At the start and at the end of the test, the content of the test item in the test solutions was estimated by determination of the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the test solutions using a carbon analyser. Only in the two highest tested concentrations 32 mg/L and 100 mg/L, TOC was clearly detectable.
The other tested concentrations were too low and the measurement method is too
inaccurate to get meaningful results. Because clear toxicity was observed, it was shown that the test item was present throughout the test in the test solutions and therefore, the determination of the results was based on the nominal loading rate of the WAFs The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid. The test substance reduced the growth of the algae at various concentrations. Based on the observations, the following results were obtained. The EC50 for growth rate reduction (ErC50: 0-72 h) was 25.41 mg/L. The EC50 for yield inhibition (EyC50: 0-72h) was 6.44 mg/L. The NOE(L)R for both growth rate reduction and yield inhibition was 1 mg/L. Under the study conditions, 72 h ErC50 and NOE(L)R for the test substance were determined to be 25.41 and 1 mg/L (Meisner, 2020).
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