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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-873-2 | CAS number: 88-99-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Biodegradation test of chemical substance by mircoorganisms etc. stipulated in the order Prescribing the Items of the test relating to the new chemical substance (1974)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This guideline corresponds to 301C, ready biodegradability: modified MITI Test (I) stipulated in the OECD Guidelines for testing of chemicals (May 12, 1981)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- mixture of sewage, soil and natural water
- Details on inoculum:
- Preparation of activated sludge:
Sludge sampling sites and time
Sampling were made four times in every year at ten places in Japan. Details are included in bibliographic source mentioned above
Mixing of fresh and old activated sludge
5L of the filtrate of the supernatant of an activated sludge in the present use was mixed with 500 mL of the filtrate of the supernatant of a newly collected sludge respectively and the mixture was cultured at 7.0 +- 1.0 under the sufficient aeration (prefiltered open air was used for aeration)
Culture
About 30 minutes after ceasing the aeration to the sludge mixture, supernatant corresponding to about 1/3 of the whole volume was removed. Then the equal volume of dechlorination water was added to the remaining portion and aerated again, followed by addition of synthetic sewage*, concentration of that portion was to be 0.1 (W/V)%. This procedure was repeated once every day. The culturing was carried out at 25+-2°C.
*synthetic sewage: glucose, peptone and monopotassium phosphate were dissolved in dechlorination water respectively. Each concentration of them was to be 5(W/V)% and the solution was adjusted to pH 7.0 +- 1.0 with sodium hydroxide.
Control
During the cultivation, appearance of the supernatant, precipitabiltiy, formation of flock, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution and temperature were checked and necessary adjustments were made. microflora in the activated sludge was microscopically observed and sludge with no abnormal symptom was used for the test.
Inspection of activity
Activity of the sludge was inspected to use reference substance. And the relation between new and old activated sludge was taken account. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 2 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Remarks:
- guaranteed reagent, Showa Chemicals Inc.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 85.2
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Executive summary:
In a modified MITI test comparable to OECD TG 301 C the biodegradation of phthalic anhydride was investigated (MITI, 1992). After 2 weeks 85 % degradation of the test substance was determined.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.9 (Biodegradation: Zahn-Wellens Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, predominantly industrial (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Adaptation phase: 1 day
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 4.5 d
- Initial conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Based on:
- COD
- Initial conc.:
- 400 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Details on study design:
- - Test temperature and pH value not reported
- Reference substance:
- diethylene glycol
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- > 90
- Sampling time:
- 4.5 d
- Details on results:
- Kinetic of control substance (in %):
> 90 after 11 day(s) - Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Executive summary:
The inherent biodegradability of phthalic acid was assessed according to the EU Method C.9 (Biodegradation: Zahn-Wellens Test). Phthalic acid showed > 90% degradation after 4.5 days (Zahn, 1980).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, predominantly domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Initial conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 74
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Details on results:
- Kinetic of test substance (in %):
48 after 5 day(s)
68 after 10 day(s)
64 after 20 day(s)
74 after 30 day(s) - Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Executive summary:
Phthalic acid shows 74% degradation after 30 days in a closed bottle test, which is comparable to the OECD TG 301 D (Bayer, 1973).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Phthalic acid has to be classified as readily biodegradable and is regarded as inherently biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
There is only one study on ready biodegradability of phthalic acid available.
The test was conducted in 1973 according to a national standard method using closed bottles and results in 74% degradation after 30 days, indicating that the substance is readily biodegradable. The structural analogue phthalic anhydride is taken into account to describe the biodegradation behaviour of phthalic acid. Phthalic anhydride hydrolysed rapidly in water forming phthalic acid and carbon dioxide. In a modified MITI test comparable to OECD TG 301 C the biodegradation of phthalic anhydride was investigated (MITI, 1992). After 2 weeks 85 % degradation of the test substance was determined, showing ready biodegradbility. Based on this result, ready biodegradabaility of phthalic acid is considered to be confirmed and the substance has to be classified as readily biodegradable. Inherent biodegradability was documented with a degradation > 90 % within 4.5 days according to EU Method C.9 (Zahn, 1980).
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