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EC number: 203-472-8 | CAS number: 107-20-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian cell study: DNA damage and/or repair
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Only male rats tested.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Single oral dose in distilledwater, 4 h after treatment sacrifice by decapitation.
Dosage: 1/4 - 1/3 of the LD50 based on earlier studies demonstrating biological activity.
Control animals: vehicle only.
1.5 g of the superior-anterior lobe of the liver was removed and analyzed.
An alkaline unwinding assay was used to quantitate the induction of DNA strand breaks:
DAUA = DNA Alkaline Unwinding Assay; estimates the extent of DNA damage (strand breaks) via the assessment of the percentage of DNA remaining double stranded after alkaline unwinding.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: DNA strand breaks
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male Fischer 344 rats (250-300 g) were purchased from Charles River (Wilmington, MA).
Animals were quarantined for two weeks, food and water ad libitum, 12-hr light-dark-cycle, 22 +/- 2°C, 40-60% humidity. - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on exposure:
- single oral dose
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single treatment
- Frequency of treatment:
- single treatment
- Post exposure period:
- 4 h
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
5 mmol/kg
Basis:
nominal conc. - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- No data, animals receiving high doses of 5-10 mmol/kg did not survive.
Highest dose tested: 5 mmol/kg - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- Positive control: N-nitroso-diethylamine (DENA)
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- liver: 1.5 g of the superior-anterior lobe of the liver was removed and analyzed.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- The liver was removed after decapitation, rinsed, placed in cold modified SBSS and pressed trough a stainless steel tissue press to remove connective tissue. The disrupted livers were mixed with SBSS and filtered. The suspended tissue was centrifuged, resuspended in cold PBS/EDTA and assayed in the DAUA.
- Evaluation criteria:
- DAUA time: 45 - 60 min. Single and double stranded DNA were separated on a hydroxyapatite column at 60°C. Hoechst dye 33258 was added and the amount of DNA in each fraction was determined fluorimetrically using a Shimadzu RF-5000U set at Ex 350 nm and Em 465 nm. The fraction F of double strand DNA remaining was calculated. A decreasing F value indicates an increase in DNA strand breakage.
- Statistics:
- The data were analyzed for statistical significance by use of the Dunnett`s test for multiple comparison of treatment means with a control mean.
The level of significance was set at alpha < 0.05. - Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Remarks:
- high doses: animals died
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- CAA was toxic at higher doses (5-10 mmol/kg) and the rats did not survive.
The positive control (DENA) induced significant levels of DNA damage. - Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative
CAA did not produce detectable DNA damage in vivo in the livers of male F344 rats killed 4 h after a single gavage treatment of the highest dose not causing death (5 mmol/kg). The F-value was not significantly reduced compared with the positive control. - Executive summary:
CAA did not produce detectable DNA damage in vivo in the livers of male F344 rats killed 4 h after a single gavage treatment of the highest dose not causing death (5 mmol/kg). The F-value was not significantly reduced compared with the positive control.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
In vitro results for Ames test or similar tests liek Ames II; chromosome aberration, gene mutation and comet assay: positive.
In vivo analysis of DNA strand breaks in rat and mice liver: negative. Therefore chloroacetaldehyde is not classidied for the endpoint.
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification: positive in vitro studies but negative in vivo studies.
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