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EC number: 204-625-1 | CAS number: 123-41-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Viscosity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- viscosity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013-03-06
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented guideline study (OECD 114) without restrictions.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Test Guideline 114 (Viscosity of Liquids)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- other: rotational rheometer
- Temp.:
- 20°C
- Parameter:
- dynamic viscosity (in mPa s)
- Value:
- 25.3
- Remarks on result:
- other: At 20 °C, the behaviour of the test substance was found to be Newtonian over the measured shear range of 10 to 200 1/s.
- Temp.:
- 40°C
- Parameter:
- dynamic viscosity (in mPa s)
- Value:
- 10.6
- Remarks on result:
- other: At 40 °C, the behaviour of the test substance was found to be Newtonian over the measured shear range of 10 to 200 1/s.
- Conclusions:
- The viscosity of a 45 % solution of choline hydroxide was determined in an OECD 114 guideline study, classified as reliable without restrictions. Hence, the results in general are considered as reliable and can be used for further risk assessment. Although the salt choline hydroxide is a solid compound, it is very hygroscopic and cannot be kept water-free under normal environmental conditions. Furthermore, it is marketed as an 45 % aqueous solution and is therefore the predominantly available form. Hence, it is justified out of scientific reasons and exposure considerations to regard choline hydroxide as aqueous solution, which requires to perform the testing for viscosity instead of a particle size distribution. The outcome of this study is considered reasonable and within the scientifically expected ranges.
- Executive summary:
The viscosity of a 45 % aqueous solution of Choline hydroxide was determined according to OECD Test Guideline 114 (Viscosity of Liquids / rotational viscometer) to be 25.3 mPa.s at 20 °C and 10.6 mPa.s at 40 °C. The determination of the viscosity is justified out of scientific reasons and exposure considerations and the results are within the scientifically expected range. The study was classified as Klimisch 1 and meets fully the OECD 114 guideline requirements.
Reference
Raw data of the individual tests
Table 1. Test 1 at 20 °C, Individual Test Result = 25.20 mPa.s
1329003 10468749 T1 @ 20 °C |
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Time s | Temperature °C | Shear Stress Pa | Shear Rate 1/s | Viscosity Pas | Target Shear Rate 1/s |
50.0 | 20.0 | 0.2498 | 9.955 | 0.02510 | 10.00 |
100.1 | 20.0 | 0.3189 | 12.16 | 0.02623 | 12.21 |
150.1 | 20.0 | 0.3726 | 14.84 | 0.02511 | 14.91 |
200.2 | 20.0 | 0.4550 | 18.12 | 0.02511 | 18.21 |
250.3 | 20.0 | 0.5562 | 22.13 | 0.02513 | 22.23 |
300.4 | 20.0 | 0.6794 | 27.02 | 0.02514 | 27.14 |
350.5 | 20.0 | 0.8303 | 33.00 | 0.02516 | 33.14 |
400.6 | 20.0 | 1.007 | 40.29 | 0.02499 | 40.47 |
450.6 | 20.0 | 1.239 | 49.20 | 0.02518 | 49.42 |
500.7 | 20.0 | 1.517 | 60.07 | 0.02525 | 60.34 |
550.8 | 20.0 | 1.847 | 73.35 | 0.02518 | 73.68 |
600.9 | 20.0 | 2.256 | 89.57 | 0.02519 | 89.97 |
651.0 | 20.0 | 2.757 | 109.4 | 0.02521 | 109.9 |
701.1 | 20.0 | 3.365 | 133.5 | 0.02520 | 134.1 |
751.2 | 20.0 | 4.105 | 163.1 | 0.02518 | 163.8 |
801.3 | 20.0 | 5.024 | 199.1 | 0.02523 | 200.0 |
Table 2. Test 2 at 20 °C, Individual Test Result = 25.43 mPa.s
1329003 10468749 T2 @ 20 °C |
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Time s | Temperature °C | Shear Stress Pa | Shear Rate 1/s | Viscosity Pas | Target Shear Rate 1/s |
50.02 | 20.0 | 0.2518 | 9.955 | 0.02529 | 10.00 |
100.1 | 20.0 | 0.319 | 12.16 | 0.02624 | 12.21 |
150.2 | 20.1 | 0.3757 | 14.84 | 0.02531 | 14.91 |
200.3 | 20.0 | 0.4585 | 18.12 | 0.02530 | 18.21 |
250.4 | 20.0 | 0.5596 | 22.13 | 0.02528 | 22.23 |
300.5 | 20.0 | 0.6838 | 27.02 | 0.02531 | 27.14 |
350.6 | 20.0 | 0.8353 | 33.00 | 0.02531 | 33.14 |
400.6 | 20.0 | 1.024 | 40.29 | 0.02542 | 40.47 |
450.7 | 20.0 | 1.247 | 49.20 | 0.02535 | 49.42 |
500.8 | 20.0 | 1.528 | 60.07 | 0.02544 | 60.34 |
550.9 | 20.0 | 1.864 | 73.35 | 0.02541 | 73.68 |
601 | 20.0 | 2.276 | 89.57 | 0.02541 | 89.97 |
651.1 | 20.0 | 2.78 | 109.4 | 0.02542 | 109.9 |
701.2 | 20.0 | 3.399 | 133.5 | 0.02545 | 134.1 |
751.3 | 20.0 | 4.153 | 163.1 | 0.02547 | 163.8 |
801.4 | 20.0 | 5.071 | 199.1 | 0.02547 | 200.0 |
Table 3. Test 1 at 40 °C, Individual Test Result = 10.57 mPa.s
1329003 10468749 T1 @ 40 °C |
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Time s | Temperature °C | Shear Stress Pa | Shear Rate 1/s | Viscosity Pas | Target Shear Rate 1/s |
50.0 | 40.0 | 0.1047 | 9.955 | 0.01052 | 10.00 |
100.1 | 40.0 | 0.1129 | 12.16 | 0.009289 | 12.21 |
150.1 | 40.0 | 0.156 | 14.84 | 0.01051 | 14.91 |
200.2 | 40.0 | 0.1899 | 18.12 | 0.01047 | 18.21 |
250.3 | 40.0 | 0.2316 | 22.13 | 0.01047 | 22.23 |
300.4 | 40.0 | 0.2843 | 27.02 | 0.01052 | 27.14 |
350.5 | 40.0 | 0.3467 | 33.00 | 0.01051 | 33.14 |
400.6 | 40.0 | 0.4352 | 40.29 | 0.01080 | 40.47 |
450.7 | 40.0 | 0.5181 | 49.20 | 0.01053 | 49.42 |
500.8 | 40.0 | 0.6374 | 60.07 | 0.01061 | 60.34 |
550.9 | 40.0 | 0.7769 | 73.35 | 0.01059 | 73.68 |
601.0 | 40.0 | 0.9473 | 89.57 | 0.01058 | 89.97 |
651.1 | 40.0 | 1.158 | 109.4 | 0.01059 | 109.9 |
701.2 | 40.0 | 1.413 | 133.5 | 0.01058 | 134.1 |
751.3 | 40.0 | 1.722 | 163.1 | 0.01056 | 163.8 |
801.4 | 40.0 | 2.111 | 199.1 | 0.01060 | 200.0 |
Table 4. Test 2 at 40 °C, Individual Test Result = 10.56 mPa.s
1329003 10468749 T2 @ 40 °C |
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Time s | Temperature °C | Shear Stress Pa | Shear Rate 1/s | Viscosity Pas | Target Shear Rate 1/s |
50.02 | 40.0 | 0.1035 | 9.955 | 0.01039 | 10.00 |
100.1 | 40.0 | 0.1399 | 12.16 | 0.01151 | 12.21 |
150.1 | 40.0 | 0.1549 | 14.84 | 0.01043 | 14.91 |
200.2 | 40.0 | 0.1898 | 18.12 | 0.01047 | 18.21 |
250.3 | 40.0 | 0.2321 | 22.13 | 0.01049 | 22.23 |
300.4 | 40.0 | 0.2828 | 27.02 | 0.01047 | 27.14 |
350.5 | 40.0 | 0.3451 | 33.00 | 0.01046 | 33.14 |
400.6 | 40.0 | 0.4308 | 40.29 | 0.01069 | 40.47 |
450.7 | 40.0 | 0.5161 | 49.20 | 0.01049 | 49.42 |
500.8 | 40.0 | 0.6367 | 60.07 | 0.0106 | 60.34 |
550.9 | 40.0 | 0.7745 | 73.35 | 0.01056 | 73.68 |
601 | 40.0 | 0.9434 | 89.57 | 0.01053 | 89.97 |
651 | 40.0 | 1.152 | 109.4 | 0.01054 | 109.9 |
701.1 | 40.0 | 1.408 | 133.5 | 0.01054 | 134.1 |
751.2 | 40.0 | 1.723 | 163.1 | 0.01057 | 163.8 |
801.3 | 40.0 | 2.103 | 199.1 | 0.01056 | 200.0 |
Description of key information
In accordance with section 1 of REACH Annex XI the study does not need to be conducted as it is technically not feasible: the substance is a solid.
Viscosity of a 45 % aqueous solution of Choline Base: 25.3 mPa.s at 20 °C and 10.6 mPa.s at 40 °C (OECD Guideline 114 (Viscosity of Liquids / rotational viscometer))
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Viscosity:
- 25.3 mPa · s (dynamic)
- at the temperature of:
- 20 °C
Additional information
In accordance with section 1 of REACH Annex XI the study does not need to be conducted as it is technically not feasible: the substance is a solid.
The viscosity of a 45 % solution of choline hydroxide was determined in an OECD 114 guideline study, classified as reliable without restrictions (Klimisch 1) and which meets fully the OECD 114 guideline requirements. Hence, the results in general are considered as reliable.
Although the salt choline hydroxide is a solid compound, it is very hygroscopic and cannot be kept water-free under normal environmental conditions. Furthermore, it is marketed as a 45 % aqueous solution and is therefore the predominantly available form. Hence, it is justified out of scientific reasons and exposure considerations to regard choline hydroxide as aqueous solution, which requires the performance of the testing for viscosity instead of a particle size distribution. The outcome of this study is considered reasonable, within the scientifically expected ranges and can be used for further risk assessment.
Due to the reliability of the results and the choice of the test method with regard to the predominantly existing form of choline hydroxide, i.e. a 45 % aqueous solution, the tonnage-driven requirements under REACH are fully met, no datagaps were identified and no further testing is required.
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