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EC number: 201-161-1 | CAS number: 78-95-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020-10-23 to 2020-12-17
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: pre-test only without definitive test, but well-documented
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- not specified
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Only a preliminary study was conducted. This preliminary study was not conducted under GLP. A main test was not conducted due to the results of the preliminary study.
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- not specified
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 14 d
- Initial conc.:
- 51 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Initial conc.:
- 44 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: acording to guideline - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- The present endpoint study record addresses the preliminary study. A main test was not conducted.
- Test performance:
- The preliminary study revealed that the test item is toxic to aquatic microorganisms. A ready biodegradability test is technically not feasible.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: no biodegradation could be detected due to toxic effect of the test item
- Details on results:
- The test item was found to be toxic to aquatic microorganisms. The available test methods on ready biodegradability are hence not applicable. Therefore, a main test was considered technically not feasible and scientifcally not necessary.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In a Manometric Respiratory Test according to OECD TG 301 F the test item was found to be toxic towards microorganisms of actiavted sludge (0 % biodegradation after 14 days based on ThOD). It was not possible to mitigate the toxic effects when following the recommendations of the guidelines OECD TG 301 and ISO10634. The test is therefore considered technically not feasible and the test item regarded to be not readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
To assess the ready biodegradability of the test item a pre-study was performed in compliance with the method described in OECD TG 301 F. The test item concentration selected as appropriate was 44 mg/L. corresponding to a ThOD of 51.0 mg O2/L per test vessel. In the first test the test item was pipetted directly into the medium, the amount of inoculum used to initiate the inoculation was 4.91 mL/L (25.0 mg/L dw). In the second test a silicone oil stock solution (22 g/L test item) was prepared and 0.5 mL stock solution was pipetted directly into the medium, the amount of inoculum used to initiate the inoculation was 4.83 mL/L (29.9 mg/L dw). The oxygen was depleted by the respiration of bacteria and the degradation was followed by measuring the oxygen concentration. The biodegradation rate is therefore expressed as the percentage BOD (biological oxygen demand) and was calculated for each study day. In the toxicity control containing both test item and reference item (sodium benzoate) of the first test, the biodegradation achieved 0 % after 14 days. The biodegradation of the reference item was inhibited by the test item in the toxicity control. In the toxicity control containing both test item with silicone oil and reference item (sodium benzoate) of the second test, the biodegradation achieved 0% after 14 days. The biodegradation of the reference item was inhibited by the test item in the toxicity control. As a conclusion, it was not possible to mitigate the toxic effects of the test item when following the recommendations of the guidelines OECD 301 and ISO10634.
Reference
Table 1: Biodegradation of the toxic control
Biodegradation [%] | |||||
Study day | |||||
4 | 7 | 10 | 14 | ||
Toxicity Control 44 mg/L test item + 30 mg/L reference item |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 2: Biodegradation of the toxic control with silicone oil
Biodegradation [%] | |||||
Study day | |||||
4 | 7 | 10 | 14 | ||
Toxicity Control with silicone oil 44 mg/L test item + 30 mg/L reference item |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Description of key information
In a Manometric Respiratory Test according to OECD TG 301 F the substance was found to be toxic towards microorganisms of activated sludge (0 % biodegradation after 14 days based on ThOD) (reference 5.2.1-1).
Using BIOWIN v4.1 as part of EPISuite v4.11 the test substance is determined to be readily biodegradable (reference 5.2.1-2).
Following a worst case approach, the substance is considered to be not readily biodegradable based on its inhibitory effect to aquatic microorganisms.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Key information
To assess the ready biodegradability of the test item a pre-test was performed in compliance with the method described in OECD TG 301 F. The test item concentration selected as appropriate was 44 mg/L, corresponding to a ThOD of 51.0 mg O2/L per test vessel. In the first test the test item was pipetted directly into the medium. The amount of inoculum used to initiate the inoculation was 4.91 mL/L (25.0 mg/L dw). In the second test a silicone oil stock solution (22 g/L test item) was prepared and 0.5 mL stock solution was pipetted directly into the medium, the amount of inoculum used to initiate the inoculation was 4.83 mL/L (29.9 mg/L dw). The oxygen was depleted by the respiration of bacteria and the degradation was followed by measuring the oxygen concentration. The biodegradation rate is therefore expressed as the percentage BOD (biological oxygen demand) and was calculated for each study day. In the toxicity control containing both test item and reference item (sodium benzoate) of the first test, the biodegradation achieved 0 % after 14 days. The biodegradation of the reference item was inhibited by the test item in the toxicity control. In the toxicity control containing both test item with silicone oil and reference item (sodium benzoate) of the second test, the biodegradation achieved 0 % after 14 days. The biodegradation of the reference item was inhibited by the test item in the toxicity control. As a conclusion, it was not possible to mitigate the toxic effects of the test item when following the recommendations of the guidelines OECD 301 and ISO10634.
Supporting information
In addition, using BIOWIN v4.1 as part of EPISuite v4.11 the test substance is determined to be readily biodegradable. The substance is within the applicability domain of the model. Thus the estimation is accurate (reference 5.2.1-1).
Conclusion
In a pre-test according to OECD TG 301 F the substance was not biodegradable (0 % biodegradation after 14 days). This was due to the inhibitory effect of the test item. It was not possible to mitigate the toxic effects when following the recommendations of the guidelines OECD TG 301 and ISO10634. However, using EPISuite v4.11 the substance was predicted to be readily biodegradable. Following a worst case approach, the substance is considered to be not readily biodegradable based on its inhibitory effect to aquatic microorganisms.
QSAR Disclaimer
The adequacy of a prediction depends on the following conditions:
a) the (Q)SAR model is scientifically valid: the scientific validity is established according to the OECD principles for (Q)SAR validation;
b) the (Q)SAR model is applicable to the query chemical: a (Q)SAR is applicable if the query chemical falls within the defined applicability domain of the model;
c) the (Q)SAR result is reliable: a valid (Q)SAR that is applied to a chemical falling within its applicability domain provides a reliable result;
d) the (Q)SAR model is relevant for the regulatory purpose.
For assessment and justification of these 4 requirements the QMRF and QPRF files were developed and attached to this study record.
Description of the prediction model
The prediction model was descriped using the harmonised template for summarising and reporting key information on (Q)SAR models. For more details please refer to the attached QSAR Model Reporting Format (QMRF) file.
Assessment of estimation domain
The assessment of the estimation domain was documented in the QSAR Prediction Reporting Format file (QPRF). Please refer to the attached document for the details of the prediction and the assessment of the estimation domain.
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