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EC number: 282-803-8 | CAS number: 84434-05-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 Nov 2018 to 15 Jan 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aqueous-phase aquatic toxicity testing of difficult test chemicals
- Version / remarks:
- OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Appearance: Yellow powder
Purity/Composition: 97.75%
Test item storage: At room temperature protected from light desiccated - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples for possible analysis were taken from the limit concentration and the control according to the schedule below. In addition, the filter containing the undissolved residue was kept for possible analysis. The method of analysis is described in the appended Analytical Report (Appendix 2).
Frequency: at t=0 h and t=96 h
Volume: 2.0 mL from the approximate centre of the test vessels.
Storage: Samples were stored in a freezer (≤-15°C) until analysis at the analytical laboratory of the Test Facility.
Additionally, reserve samples of 2.0 mL were taken from all test solutions for possible analysis. If not already used, these samples were stored in a freezer (≤-15°C) for a maximum of three months after delivery of the draft report, pending on the decision of the sponsor for additional analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of CMTX 2-carboxymethyloxy-thioxanthone tested was a yellow powder with a purity of 97.75% and was visually not completely dissolved in test medium at the loading rate initially prepared. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item. Test solutions were prepared under dimmed light conditions to minimize exposure to light.
Preparation of test solutions started with a loading rate of 100 mg/L applying a 15-minute period of ultrasonic treatment followed by three days of magnetic stirring to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in medium. Thereafter, the aqueous Saturated Solution (SS) was collected by filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane filter (RC55, Whatman) and used as the highest test concentration. Lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the SS in test medium. At the end of the preparation procedure, the saturated solutions were clear and yellow, whereas the lower concentrations in the range-finding test were clear and ranged from colourless to light yellow with increasing test item concentration.
Any residual volumes were discarded. - Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- Source: Zodiac, proefacc, "De Haar Vissen", Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands.
Mean length(1): Range-finding test: 3.5 ± 0.3 cm
Final test: 3.5 ± 0.3 cm
Mean weight(1): Range-finding test: 0.53 ± 0.16 g
Final test: 0.53 ± 0.14 g
Characteristics: F1 from a single parent-pair bred in UV-treated water.
Reason for selection: This system has been selected as an internationally accepted species.
Total fish used: 26
(1) Ten fish of the batch used for the test, were weighed and measured prior to the start of the test.
Quarantine/Acclimatisation: At least 12 days after delivery
Medium: Adjusted ISO medium, formulated using RO-water (tap-water
purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-
Enschot, The Netherlands) with the following composition:
CaCl2.2H2O 211.5 mg/L
MgSO4.7H2O 88.8 mg/L
NaHCO3 46.7 mg/L
KCl 4.2 mg/L
Measurements Conductivity, pH, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia concentration: Once a week
Temperature: Continuous. In addition, pH and temperature were measured before transferring the fish to the test system.
Water quality parameters: Were kept within the optimum limits for the respective fish species.
Feeding: Daily with pelleted fish food (Essence 300-500 µm, Alltech® Coppens, Helmond, The Netherlands)
Validity of batch: In the batch of fish used for the test, mortality during the seven days prior to the start of the test was less than 5%. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
- Hardness:
- 180 mg/L (expressed as CaCO3).
- Test temperature:
- 21°C
- pH:
- 7.7 ± 0.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.2-9.8 mg/L
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Conductivity:
- Not measured
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Saturated solution prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- A range-finding test was performed to provide information about the range of concentrations to be used in the final test. Test procedure and conditions were similar to those applied in the final test with the following exceptions:
-Three fish per concentration were exposed to solutions containing 0.10, 1.0, 10, and 100% of the SS prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L.
-Dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH and temperature were only measured in the lowest and the highest test concentration.
-Samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations at the start, after 24 hours, and at the end of the test.
Test duration: 96 hours
Test type: Static
Test vessels: 10 L all-glass aquaria, containing 9 litres of test solution
Number of fish: 7 per concentration
Loading: 0.41 g fish/L, i.e. 7 fish in 9 litres of test medium
Illumination: The test was performed under dimmed light conditions due to light sensitivity of the test item
Aeration: The test media were not aerated during the test
Feeding: No feeding from 24 hours prior to the test and during the total test period
Introduction of fish: Within 30 minutes after preparation of the test solutions from a holding medium with comparable water quality parameters, i.e. pH and temperature between test solutions and the holding medium differed less than 1.0 unit and 1.0°C.
Measurements and Recordings
Mortality and other effects: At 3¼, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours following the start of exposure. In addition, every afternoon from day 0 to observe for any dead or severely distressed fish. Dead fish were removed when observed.
Dissolved oxygen content, pH and temperature: Daily in all vessels with surviving fish, beginning at the start of the test (day 0). - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Pentachlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- See Appendix 1.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was considered valid.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Range-Finding test
No mortality or clinical effects were observed at any of the test concentrations throughout the exposure period.
Based on this result, samples taken from the highest test concentration were analysed. Despite the filtration step, the actual exposure concentrations were at the level of nominal (i.e. 98–99% relative to the loading rate) throughout the test (see also Table 2 of the appended Analytical Report)
All test conditions were maintained within the limits prescribed by the study plan.
Limit Test
Measured Test Item Concentrations
The results of analysis of the samples taken during the final test are described in Table 3 of the appended Analytical Report.
Samples taken from the limit concentration were analysed. The measured concentration in the undiluted SS was 114 mg/L throughout the test. Since the actual exposure concentration was at the level of nominal throughout the test, it can be concluded that the undissolved material removed during preparation of test solutions was not test item related.
Based on this result, effect parameters were expressed in terms of the analytically confirmed nominal concentrations.
Mortality and Other Effects
Table 1 shows the mortality data recorded during the limit test. The obtained results were in agreement with the results of the range-finding test. No mortality or clinical effects were observed in the control and at the limit concentration throughout the test.
Table 1
Incidence of Mortality and Total Mortality During the Limit Test
Test item Nominal conc. (mg/L) Initial
Number
of fishCumulative mortality Total Mortality (%) 3¼h 24h 48h 72h 96h Control 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
Determination of Effect Concentrations
Table 2 shows the effect parameters based on the analytically confirmed nominal concentration.
Table 2
Effect Parameters
Parameter Concentration CMTX 2-carboxymethyloxy-thioxanthone
Nominal conc. (mg/L)24h, 48h, 72h, 96h-LC50 >100 Experimental Conditions
The results of measurement of pH and oxygen concentrations (mg/L) are presented in Table 3. The temperature of all test solutions was maintained at 21°C throughout the test (the temperature of the holding tank medium was 21°C upon test initiation). All test conditions remained within the ranges prescribed by the study plan (pH: 6.0-8.5, constant within 1 unit; temperature 20-24°C, constant within 2°C; oxygen > 60% of air saturation).
Table 3
pH and Oxygen Concentrations (mg/L) During the Limit Test
Test item Nominal conc. (mg/L) Day 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 pH O2 pH O2 pH O2 pH O2 pH O2 Control 7.9 9.8 7.4 7.2 7.6 6.8 7.6 6.4 7.4 6.3 100 7.8 9.8 7.4 7.7 7.5 7 7.5 6.8 7.4 6.6 - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, the 96h-LC50 for carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to CMTX 2-carboxymethyloxy-thioxanthone was beyond the maximum concentration tested, i.e. exceeded the regulatory limit concentration of 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The objective of the study was to evaluate CMTX 2-carboxymethyloxy-thioxanthone for its ability to generate acute toxic effects in carp (Cyprinus carpio) during an exposure period of 96 hours and, if possible, to determine the LC50 at all observation times.
The study procedure described in this report was based on the OECD guideline No. 203, 1992. In addition, procedures were based on the test methods described in the OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, 2000.
The batch of CMTX 2-carboxymethyloxy-thioxanthone tested was a yellow powder with a purity of 97.75% and was visually not completely dissolved in test medium at the loading rate initially prepared. A Saturated Solution (SS) was prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L and used as the highest test concentration. Lower concentrations were prepared by diluting the highest concentration in test medium. Test solutions were prepared under dimmed light conditions to minimize exposure to light.
A limit test was performed based on the results of a preceding range-finding test. Seven fish per group (single tank, non-replicated) were exposed to an untreated control and to the SS prepared at a loading rate of 100 mg/L. Since the test item was light sensitive, exposure was performed under dimmed light conditions. The total exposure period was 96 hours and samples for analytical confirmation of exposure concentrations were taken at the start and at the end of the test.
No mortality or clinical effects were observed in the control and at the limit concentration throughout the test.
Samples taken from the limit concentration were analysed. The measured concentration in the undiluted SS was 114 mg/L throughout the test. Based on this result, effect parameters were expressed in terms of the analytically confirmed nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the study plan and was considered valid.
In conclusion, the 96h-LC50 for carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to CMTX 2-carboxymethyloxy-thioxanthone was beyond the maximum concentration tested, i.e. exceeded the regulatory limit concentration of 100 mg/L.
Reference
Description of key information
Study conducted to recognised testing guidelines with GLP certification.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
96h-LC50 > 100 mg/L
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