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EC number: 210-784-8 | CAS number: 623-27-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Terephthalaldehyde
- EC Number:
- 210-784-8
- EC Name:
- Terephthalaldehyde
- Cas Number:
- 623-27-8
- Molecular formula:
- C8H6O2
- IUPAC Name:
- benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Batch (Lot) Number: 180401
Expiry date: 01 April 2020 (retest date)
Physical Description: Light yellow powder
Purity/Composition: 99.6%
Storage Conditions: At room temperature
Method
- Target gene:
- histidine locus in several strains of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium; TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537), and at the tryptophan locus of Escherichiacoli (E. coli) strain WP2uvrA
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: rfa, gal, chl, bio, uvrB also plasmid pKM101 in TA98 and TA100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9 homogenate) prepared from male Sprague Dawley rats that had been injected intraperitoneally with Aroclor 1254
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Selection of an adequate range of doses was based on a dose-range finding test with the strains TA100 and WP2uvrA, both with and without 5% (v/v) S9-mix. Eight concentrations, 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 µg/plate were tested in triplicate. The highest concentration of Terephthaldehyde used in the subsequent mutation assays was 5000 µg/plate or the level at which the test item inhibited bacterial growth.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- no
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: ICR-191: TA1537 2.5µg/plate; All strains with MA, 2-aminoanthracene 1-15µg/pplate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Preparation of Test Item
No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item.
A solubility test was performed based on visual assessment. The test item formed a clear yellow solution in dimethyl sulfoxide.
The stock solution was treated with ultrasonic waves until the test item had completely dissolved.
Test item concentrations were used within 3 hours after preparation.
Any residual volumes were discarded.
Mutation Assay
At least five different doses (increasing with approximately half-log steps) of the test item were tested in triplicate in each strain. The above mentioned dose-range finding study with the two tester strains TA100 and WP2uvrA, is reported as a part of the first mutation experiment. In the second part of this experiment, the test item was tested both in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98. In a follow-up experiment with additional parameters, the test item was tested both in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in all tester strains.
The negative control (vehicle) and relevant positive controls were concurrently tested in each strain in the presence and absence of S9-mix.
Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 mL molten top agar: 0.1 mL of a fresh bacterial culture
(109 cells/mL) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 mL of a dilution of the test item in dimethyl sulfoxide and either 0.5 mL S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 mL 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays). The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies (histidine independent (His+) for Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and tryptophan independent (Trp+) for Escherichia coli) were counted.
Colony Counting
The revertant colonies were counted automatically with the Sorcerer Colony Counter. Plates with sufficient test item precipitate to interfere with automated colony counting were counted manually (see deviation). Evidence of test item precipitate on the plates and the condition of the bacterial background lawn were evaluated when considered necessary, macroscopically and/or microscopically by using a dissecting microscope. - Evaluation criteria:
- ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA
A Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and/or Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
a) The vehicle control and positive control plates from each tester strain (with or without
S9-mix) must exhibit a characteristic number of revertant colonies when compared against relevant historical control data generated at Charles River Den Bosch.
b) The selected dose-range should include a clearly toxic concentration or should exhibit limited solubility as demonstrated by the preliminary toxicity range-finding test or should extend to 5 mg/plate.
c) No more than 5% of the plates are lost through contamination or some other unforeseen event. If the results are considered invalid due to contamination, the experiment will be repeated.
All results presented in the tables of the report are calculated using values as per the raw data rounding procedure and may not be exactly reproduced from the individual data presented. - Statistics:
- 6. INTERPRETATION
No formal hypothesis testing was done.
In addition to the criteria stated below, any increase in the total number of revertants should be evaluated for its biological relevance including a comparison of the results with the historical control data range.
A test item is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is not greater than two times the concurrent vehicle control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 or TA98 is not greater than three times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one follow-up experiment.
A test item is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is greater than two times the concurrent vehicle control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 is greater than three times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) In case a follow up experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one follow up experiment.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table1
Dose-Range Finding Test: Mutagenic Response of Terephthaldehyde in the
Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay and in the Escherichia
coli Reverse Mutation Assay
(µg/plate) |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
Without S9-mix
Positive control |
1002 |
± |
120 |
|
1487 |
± |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Solvent control |
116 |
± |
11 |
|
21 |
± |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
1.7 |
129 |
± |
8 |
|
29 |
± |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
5.4 |
129 |
± |
14 |
|
24 |
± |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
17 |
140 |
± |
13 |
|
23 |
± |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
52 |
149 |
± |
9 |
|
20 |
± |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
164 |
132 |
± |
8 |
|
19 |
± |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
512 |
141 |
± |
20 |
n |
31 |
± |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
1600 |
120 |
± |
11 |
s |
23 |
± |
7 |
n |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
5000 |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
8 |
± |
5 |
s NP |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
With S9-mix1
Positive control |
1349 |
± |
109 |
|
410 |
± |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Solvent control |
128 |
± |
16 |
|
31 |
± |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
1.7 |
144 |
± |
28 |
|
25 |
± |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
5.4 |
126 |
± |
13 |
|
36 |
± |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
17 |
148 |
± |
22 |
|
26 |
± |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
52 |
124 |
± |
10 |
|
27 |
± |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
164 |
121 |
± |
2 |
|
26 |
± |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
512 |
122 |
± |
9 |
n |
25 |
± |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
1600 |
114 |
± |
11 |
s |
22 |
± |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
5000 |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
37 |
± |
4 |
n NP |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Plate incorporation assay (5% S9) |
||
NP |
No precipitate |
||
a |
Bacterial background lawn absent |
||
n |
Normal bacterial background lawn |
||
s |
Bacterial background lawn slightly reduced |
Table2
Experiment 1: Mutagenic Response of Terephthaldehyde in the Salmonella
typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay
(µg/plate) |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
Without S9-mix
Positive control |
815 |
± |
81 |
|
527 |
± |
77 |
|
926 |
± |
67 |
|
|||||||||||||
Solvent control |
5 |
± |
2 |
|
7 |
± |
0 |
|
15 |
± |
5 |
|
|||||||||||||
17 |
7 |
± |
3 |
|
3 |
± |
1 |
|
11 |
± |
2 |
|
|||||||||||||
52 |
9 |
± |
2 |
|
2 |
± |
1 |
|
15 |
± |
1 |
|
|||||||||||||
164 |
7 |
± |
1 |
|
3 |
± |
1 |
|
11 |
± |
3 |
|
|||||||||||||
512 |
7 |
± |
1 |
n |
4 |
± |
2 |
n |
10 |
± |
1 |
n |
|||||||||||||
1600 |
6 |
± |
3 |
s |
2 |
± |
1 |
s |
9 |
± |
3 |
s |
|||||||||||||
5000 |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
With S9-mix1
Positive control |
265 |
± |
21 |
|
262 |
± |
19 |
|
976 |
± |
166 |
|
|||||||||||||
Solvent control |
7 |
± |
5 |
|
4 |
± |
2 |
|
16 |
± |
5 |
|
|||||||||||||
17 |
8 |
± |
2 |
|
4 |
± |
2 |
|
10 |
± |
3 |
|
|||||||||||||
52 |
8 |
± |
4 |
|
1 |
± |
0 |
|
12 |
± |
3 |
|
|||||||||||||
164 |
5 |
± |
1 |
|
4 |
± |
2 |
|
13 |
± |
3 |
|
|||||||||||||
512 |
10 |
± |
2 |
n |
3 |
± |
0 |
n |
11 |
± |
4 |
n |
|||||||||||||
1600 |
8 |
± |
2 |
s |
2 |
± |
1 |
s |
10 |
± |
2 |
s |
|||||||||||||
5000 |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Plate incorporation assay (5% S9) |
||
NP |
No precipitate |
||
a |
Bacterial background lawn absent |
||
n |
Normal bacterial background lawn |
||
s |
Bacterial background lawn slightly reduced |
Table3
Experiment 2: Mutagenic Response of Terephthaldehyde in the Salmonella
typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay and in the Escherichia coli Reverse
Mutation Assay
(µg/plate) |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Without S9-mix
Positive control |
745 |
± |
14 |
|
809 |
± |
36 |
|
1036 |
± |
55 |
|
1064 |
± |
63 |
|
1519 |
± |
42 |
|
Solvent control |
9 |
± |
4 |
|
4 |
± |
2 |
|
14 |
± |
2 |
|
166 |
± |
10 |
|
21 |
± |
1 |
|
25 |
8 |
± |
4 |
|
2 |
± |
2 |
|
9 |
± |
5 |
|
150 |
± |
2 |
|
|
- |
|
|
50 |
11 |
± |
2 |
|
2 |
± |
1 |
|
9 |
± |
5 |
|
151 |
± |
14 |
|
|
- |
|
|
100 |
13 |
± |
8 |
|
5 |
± |
5 |
|
8 |
± |
3 |
|
147 |
± |
6 |
|
24 |
± |
10 |
|
250 |
10 |
± |
4 |
|
4 |
± |
1 |
|
13 |
± |
6 |
|
160 |
± |
8 |
|
23 |
± |
7 |
|
500 |
8 |
± |
4 |
n |
3 |
± |
1 |
n |
4 |
± |
4 |
n |
142 |
± |
16 |
n |
21 |
± |
6 |
|
2500 |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
0 |
± |
0 |
a NP |
30 |
± |
9 |
n |
5000 |
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
24 |
± |
3 |
s NP |
With S9-mix1
Positive control |
232 |
± |
24 |
|
418 |
± |
23 |
|
503 |
± |
85 |
|
1254 |
± |
208 |
|
312 |
± |
15 |
|
Solvent control |
12 |
± |
3 |
|
4 |
± |
3 |
|
17 |
± |
2 |
|
125 |
± |
4 |
|
33 |
± |
2 |
|
25 |
14 |
± |
2 |
|
5 |
± |
3 |
|
15 |
± |
1 |
|
118 |
± |
36 |
|
|
- |
|
|
50 |
6 |
± |
1 |
|
4 |
± |
1 |
|
20 |
± |
5 |
|
135 |
± |
11 |
|
|
- |
|
|
100 |
10 |
± |
2 |
|
8 |
± |
2 |
|
15 |
± |
1 |
|
132 |
± |
4 |
|
34 |
± |
8 |
|
250 |
12 |
± |
5 |
|
3 |
± |
2 |
|
17 |
± |
9 |
|
126 |
± |
24 |
|
30 |
± |
4 |
|
500 |
11 |
± |
4 |
n |
4 |
± |
1 |
n |
19 |
± |
7 |
n |
114 |
± |
16 |
n |
30 |
± |
1 |
|
2500 |
|
|
e NP MC |
|
|
e NP MC |
|
|
e NP MC |
|
|
|
e NP MC |
24 |
± |
11 |
|
|||
5000 |
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
53 |
± |
5 |
n NP |
1 |
Plate incorporation assay (10% S9) |
MC |
Microcolonies |
NP |
No precipitate |
a |
Bacterial background lawn absent |
e |
Bacterial background lawn extremely reduced |
n |
Normal bacterial background lawn |
s |
Bacterial background lawn slightly reduced |
- |
Not tested |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, based on the results of this study it is concluded that Terephthaldehyde is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.
- Executive summary:
The objective of this study was to determine the potential of Terephthaldehyde and/or its metabolites to induce reverse mutations at the histidine locus in several strains of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium; TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537), and at the tryptophan locus of Escherichiacoli (E. coli) strain WP2uvrA in the presence or absence of an exogenous mammalian metabolic activation system (S9).
The study procedures described in this report were based on the most recent OECD and EC guidelines.
Batch 180401 of Terephthaldehyde was a light yellow powder. The vehicle of the test item was dimethyl sulfoxide.
In the dose-range finding test, the test item was tested up to concentrations of 5000 µg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix in the tester strains TA100 and WP2uvrA. Terephthaldehyde did not precipitate on the plates at this dose level. Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants and/or a reduction of the bacterial background lawn, was observed in tester strain TA100 at dose levels of 1600 and 5000 μg/platein the absence and presence of S9-mix and in tester strain WP2uvrA at the dose level of 5000 μg/plate in the absence of S9-mix. Results of this dose-range finding test were reported as part of the first mutation assay.
Based on the results of the dose-range finding test, the test item was tested in the first mutation assay at a concentration range of 17 to 5000 µg/plate in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98. Terephthaldehyde did not precipitate on the plates at this dose level. Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants an/or a reduction of the bacterial background lawn, was observed in all three tester strains at the dose levels of 1600 and 5000 µg/plate.
In a follow-up experiment of the assay with additional parameters,the test item was tested at a concentration range of 25 to 2500 µg/plate in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and at 100 to 5000 µg/plate in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in tester strain WP2uvrA. Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants, reduction of the bacterial background lawn and/or the presence of microcolonies, was observed in all tester strains in the absence and presence of S9-mix,except in tester strainWP2uvrA in the presence of S9-mix.
Terephthaldehyde did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in the tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in a follow-up experiment.
The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.
In conclusion, based on the results of this study it is concluded that Terephthaldehyde is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.
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