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EC number: 304-059-6 | CAS number: 94233-27-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Data waiving:
- study technically not feasible
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Justification for type of information:
- According to hydrolysis test results, the hydrolysis rate is estimated to be within several minutes. The hydrolysis products have been identified to be 2-ethylhexnol, acetylacetone and titanium dioxide. The acutoe toxicity of those organic parts have been well-investigated separately.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- 2-ethylhexanol and pentane-2,4-dione are two main hydrolysis prodcuts of the target substance. Properties of the the two substance are used for read-across.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Doses:
- 330, 660 and 1320 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Not specified
- Details on study design:
- Substance was administered 5 days/week. Duration of observation:
Doage level 330 or 660 mg/kg bw /day : 17 days.
Dosage level 1320 mg/kg bw /day : 22 days. - Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- ca. 3 290 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- 2 870 - 3 790
- Mortality:
- 2 rats died at the high dose leve.
- Other findings:
- Animals died in narcosis with no other findings.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 5 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The oral LD50 on rats was 3290 mg/kg bw, and was classified as Category 5 according ly GHS criteria.
- Executive summary:
As the target substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 30 minutes) the intrinsic properties are related to hydrolysis products of the target substance. This information is used as a supporting evidence on the toxicity of the target substance in CSA.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Justification for type of information:
- 2-ethylhexanol and pentane-2,4-dione are two main hydrolysis prodcuts of the target substance. Properties of the the two substance are used for read-across.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Doses:
- 1, 0.71, 0.50, 0.25 ml/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- ca. 760 mg/kg bw
- 95% CL:
- >= 655 - <= 890
- Key result
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- ca. 570 mg/kg bw
- 95% CL:
- >= 485 - <= 675
- Clinical signs:
- other: sluggishness, tremors, kyphosis, lacrimation, unsteady gait, comatose appearance and prostration.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- LD50 value tested on rat was 570 / 760 mg/kg bw in female/male. The substance was classified as category 4 according to GHS.
- Executive summary:
As the target substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 30 minutes) the intrinsic properties are related to hydrolysis products of the target substance. This information is used as a supporting evidence on the toxicity of the target substance in CSA.
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 280 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Data waiving:
- study technically not feasible
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Justification for type of information:
- According to hydrolysis test results, the hydrolysis rate is estimated to be within several minutes. The hydrolysis products have been identified to be 2-ethylhexnol, acetylacetone and titanium dioxide. The [] of those organic parts have been well-investigated separately.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- 2-ethylhexanol and pentane-2,4-dione are two main hydrolysis prodcuts of the target substance. Properties of the the two substance are used for read-across.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- traditional method
- Species:
- rat
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: mixture of vapour and aerosol / mist
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Duration of exposure:
- ca. 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 5.3 mg/L (group I). 0.89 mg/L (group II)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- Duration of observation period following administration: 7 days
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- >= 0.89 - <= 5.3 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- Group I (5.3 mg/L): all died.
Group II (0.89 mg/L) : none died. - Clinical signs:
- other: Group I: One male and one female died during exposure after signs of respiratory distress, nasal discharge, chromodacryorrhea (blood tears), closed eyes and feebleness. Group II: all rats survived exposure and observation period with no notable effects.
- Gross pathology:
- Not carried out.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- LC50 value was between 0.89 and 5.3 mg/l. The substance was classified as category 4 according to GHS
- Executive summary:
As the target substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 30 minutes) the intrinsic properties are related to hydrolysis products of the target substance. This information is used as a supporting evidence on the toxicity of the target substance in CSA.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Justification for type of information:
- 2-ethylhexanol and pentane-2,4-dione are two main hydrolysis prodcuts of the target substance. Properties of the the two substance are used for read-across.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- traditional method
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Duration of exposure:
- ca. 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 628, 919, 1231, 1508 ppm
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- ca. 1 224 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Blepharospasm, lacrimation, abdominal breathing, urogenital wetness, decreased activity, encrustation around eyes and nose
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 3 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 4hr LC50 tested on rat was 1224 ppm (5.1 mg/l) and the subsatnce therefore was classified as catagory 3 according to GHS.
- Executive summary:
As the target substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 30 minutes) the intrinsic properties are related to hydrolysis products of the target substance. This information is used as a supporting evidence on the toxicity of the target substance in CSA.
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- 20 024 mg/m³ air
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study technically not feasible
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Justification for type of information:
- According to hydrolysis test results, the hydrolysis rate is estimated to be within several minutes. The hydrolysis products have been identified to be 2-ethylhexnol, acetylacetone and titanium dioxide. The toxicity of those organic parts have been well-investigated separately.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- 2-ethylhexanol and pentane-2,4-dione are two main hydrolysis prodcuts of the target substance. Properties of the the two substance are used for read-across.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 600 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 5 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- LD50 value tested on rabbit was > 2600 mg/kg bw. 2 -ethylhexanol was therefore classified as Catagory 5 according to GHS.
- Executive summary:
As the target substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 30 minutes) the intrinsic properties are related to hydrolysis products of the target substance. This information is used as a supporting evidence on the toxicity of the target substance in CSA.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Justification for type of information:
- 2-ethylhexanol and pentane-2,4-dione are two main hydrolysis prodcuts of the target substance. Properties of the the two substance are used for read-across.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration of exposure:
- 24 hr
- Doses:
- 0.5, 1, 2 ml/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Key result
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- ca. 790 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 560 - <= 980
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- ca. 1 370 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 770 - <= 2 100
- Mortality:
- death occurred within 1-24 h after application
- Clinical signs:
- other: Red mottled lungs and congestion of the tracheal mucosa were observable. Local effects comprised erythema, edema, scab formation and necrosis.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 3 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Acute dermal toxicity was tested using rabbit according to OECD guudeline 402. The LD50 values were 790 and 1370 for femal and male rabbits respectively. The lower value was chosen as the key result and the substance was classified as category 3 according to GHS.
- Executive summary:
As the target substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 30 minutes) the intrinsic properties are related to hydrolysis products of the target substance. This information is used as a supporting evidence on the toxicity of the target substance in CSA.
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 3 160 mg/kg bw
Additional information
As the target substance hydrolyses rapidly (half-life < 30 minutes) the intrinsic properties are related to hydrolysis products of the target substance. This information is used as a supporting evidence on the toxicity of the target substance in CSA.
The acute toxicity of 2-ethylhexanol was investigated by the oral, dermal and inhalation route, respectively. The oral LD50 in rats was 3290 mg/kg bw (Schmidt P. et al., 1973, cited in BG-Chemie1995). The dermal LD50 was more than 2600 mg/kg bw in rabbits. Symptoms of acute intoxication were apathy, dyspnoea, cyanosis, loss of coordination, staggering and ataxia (Scala, RA., 1973, cited in BG-Chemie, 1995). The inhalation LC50 (4h) value in rats was between 0.89 and 5.3 mg/l. No signs of irritation, but the animals were hypoactive (Bio/Dynamics, 1989, cited in BG-Chemie 1995).
The acute toxicity of pentane-2,4-dione was investigated by the oral, dermal and inhalation route, respectively. By either route of administration the material proved to be moderately toxic to the animals tested. The oral LD50 in rats was 570 and 760 mg/kg bw, female and male respectively. The dermal LD50 in rabbits, applied to shaved skin, was 790 and 1370 mg/kg bw for female and male. The inhalation LC50 (4h) in Wistar rats was 1224 ppm, female and male. (Ballantyne B. et al., 1986)
TiO2 was considered non-hazardous, based on the published data on EHCA C&L database. The lowest dose reported to produce any toxic effect in rats by oral route is determined to be 60 g/kg (US EPA, 1994).
The most hazardous hydrolysis product – pentane-2,4-dione – was therefore used for CSA evaluation.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The oral LD50, inhalation LC50 and dermal LD50 read-across from pentane-2,4-dione are 570 mg/kg bw, 5006 mg/m3 and 790 mg/kg bw respectively.
As the intrinsic properties of the target substance are related to the decomposition products,the toxicity of the most hazardous hydrolysis product – pentane-2,4-dione – is used for assessing the toxicity of the target substance.Based on the fact that the target substance incorporated around 25 wt% pentane-2,4-dione as its raw material, the lethal doses are to be corrected by the factor 0.25. Corrected oral LD50, inhalation LC50 and dermal LD50 are 2280 mg/kg bw, 20024 mg/m3 and 3160 mg/kg bw respectively.
The target substance is not classified according to CLP Regulation 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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