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EC number: 244-239-0 | CAS number: 21142-29-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-07-17 to 2018-07-20
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Test concentrations (nominal):
Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 2: 6.25 mg/L, 12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentration of 2.04 mg/L, 4.32 mg/L, 13.9 mg/L, 26.4 mg/L and 54.7 mg/L. The concentrations are based on the results of a preliminary range finding test.
Preparation of the test item solutions:
All test item solutions were freshly prepared by direct addition to dilution water. An appropriate volume of the test item (density: 0.989 g/cm3 was taken into account) was placed by pipette under the water surface and the bottle was closed. The test item solutions were stirred with a magnetic stirrer at approximately 1100 rpm for 4 hours at room temperature. At start and end of the stirring period, the pH of the solutions were measured and adjusted to 7.6±0.2 if necessary. The test item solutions were checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item (formation of an emulsion). The Tyndall effect was negative for all test item concentrations.
Control: Six replicates (without test item) were exposed under the same conditions as the test concentrations. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Test organism: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata HINDAK, SAG 61.81
Synonyms: Selenastrum capricornutum; Ankistrodesmus subcapitata; Raphidocelis subcapitata; Ankistrodesmus bibraianus (Experimental Phycology and Culture of Algae at the University of Goettingen 2016)
Origin: Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG) Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universitat Gottingen Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Gottingen
Cultivation at test facility: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 2567 - 5130 lux for 24 hours/day
Culture medium: Nutrient medium Z according to Luttge et al (1994) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- The medium has a nominal hardness of 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- Test temperature:
- Temperature (target) nominal range: 21-24°C, controlled at ±2°C
- pH:
- 7.6 ± 0.2
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
Measured geometric mean: 2.04, 4.32, 13.9, 26.4 and 54.7 mg/L
Rang-finding test
Nominal; 1, 10 , 100 mg/l
Measured (GC-MS): Start (0 h): 0.372, 3.91, 39.1 mg/l
End (72 h):Measured (TOC) Start (0 h): End (72 h): - Details on test conditions:
- Replicates: Three replicates per concentration and six for the control
Test container: Sterile Erlenmeyer flasks (vol. 250 mL) with cotton wool plugs
Test volume: 100 mL
Dilution water: According to the guidelines, pH-adjusted due to hydrolytic instability of the test item
Preculture: A four days old preculture, prepared in dilution water was used as inoculum
Initial cell density: Nominal: approximately 5000-50000 cells/mL; Current: 5523 cells/mL
Application:
Application was carried out by adding appropriate volumes of the test solutions to the replicate test vessels.
Incubation: The flasks were positioned randomly and repositioned daily
Agitation: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at approximately 70 rpm
Light intensity (target): approximately 4440 to 8880 lux, corresponding to 60 to 120 µE*m-2*s-1
Light regime: 24 hours/day light
Light homogeneity (target): within ±15% over incubation area - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 36.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI (34.1-38.3)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 9.39 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 13.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI (7.96 - 11.8)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 13.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50: Growth rate (0.574 mg/L); Yield inhibition (0.337 mg/L)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A 72 h ErC50 value of 36.2 mg/L, ErC10 value of 9.39 mg/l and NOEC value of 4.32 mg/l have been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, based on geometric mean measured concentrations. The result is considered to be reliable.
Reference
Biological data
The growth inhibition effects of the test item are summarised in Table 1. The cell densities are listed in Table 2. The evaluation of growth rate and yield inhibition are in Table 3 (calculated based on cell density values).
Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and end of exposure revealed no morphological abnormalities. All effect values are reported based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations.
Table 1: NOEC, LOEC, ECx-values and 95% confidence intervals (0-72 hours) based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations (mg/L)
|
Growth rate inhibition |
NOEC |
4.3 |
LOEC |
13.9 |
ErC10 |
9.39 (6.03 – 11.7) |
ErC20 |
16.4 (14.4 – 18.5) |
ErC50 |
36.2 (34.1 – 38.3) |
|
Yield inhibition |
NOEC |
4.32 |
LOEC |
13.9 |
ErC10 |
3.02 (<2.04 – 4.89) |
ErC20 |
5.02 (3.78 – 6.95) |
ErC50 |
10.0 (7.96 – 11.8) |
Table 2: Cell densities
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
Replicate |
Cell densities (cells/mL) |
|||
(mg/L) |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
54.7 |
1 2 3 Mean |
5523 5523 5523 5523 |
7304 6978 7607 7296 |
10035 9884 12546 10822 |
20456 20629 25615 22233 |
26.4 |
1 2 3 Mean |
5523 5523 5523 5523 |
11176 11319 10460 10985 |
39708 31361 33238 34769 |
330381 299858 286226 305488 |
13.9 |
1 2 3 Mean |
5523 5523 5523 5523 |
13628 12912 16033 14191 |
63551 54370 72392 63438 |
586122 574837 710980 623980 |
4.32 |
1 2 3 Mean |
5523 5523 5523 5523 |
26425 19394 28489 24769 |
229907 163319 235932 209719 |
1896760 1524557 1751948 1724422 |
2.04 |
1 2 3 Mean |
5523 5523 5523 5523 |
24185 25588 20313 23362 |
199008 221007 192904 204306 |
2037126 1856063 1653267 1848819 |
Control |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean |
5523 5523 5523 5523 5523 5523 5523 |
35698 29840 29739 30260 30998 27156 30615 |
288444 278921 271108 262850 266406 267690 272570 |
1970055 1995836 2155662 2020729 1967141 1954793 2010703 |
Table 3: Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-)
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
Replicate |
Growth rate |
Inhibition growth rate |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield |
(mg/L) |
No. |
(d-1) |
(%) |
(cells/mL) |
(%) |
54.7 |
1 2 3 Mean |
0.436 0.439 0.511 (+) 0.462 |
78 78 74 76 |
14933 15106 20092 (+) 16710 |
99 99 99 99 |
26.4 |
1 2 3 Mean |
1.36 1.33 1.32 (+) 1.34 |
31 32 33 33 |
324858 294335 280703 (+) 299965 |
84 85 86 85 |
13.9 |
1 2 3 Mean |
1.55 1.55 1.62 (+) 1.57 |
21 21 18 20 |
580599 569314 705457 (+) 618457 |
71 72 65 69 |
4.32 |
1 2 3 Mean |
1.95 1.87 1.92 (-) 1.91 |
1 5 2 3 |
1891237 1519034 1746425 (-) 1718899 |
6 24 13 14 |
2.04 |
1 2 3 Mean |
1.97 1.94 1.90 (-) 1.94 |
0 1 3 1 |
2031603 1850540 1647744 (-) 1843296 |
-1 8 18 8 |
Control |
1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean |
1.96 1.96 1.99 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.97 |
|
1964532 1990313 2150139 2015206 1961618 1949270 2005180 |
|
Table 4: Section-by-Section and Average Specific Growth Rates of the Control Group (0-72 hours)
|
Replicate |
Specific growth rate (d-1) section-by-section |
Mean (0-72 hours) |
SD± |
CV (%) |
Mean CV (%) |
||
|
No. |
0-24 hours |
24-48 hours |
48-72 hours |
||||
Control |
1 |
1.87 |
2.09 |
1.92 |
1.96 |
0.116 |
5.9 |
12.4 |
2 |
1.69 |
2.24 |
1.97 |
1.96 |
0.274 |
14.0 |
||
3 |
1.68 |
2.21 |
2.07 |
1.99 |
0.273 |
13.7 |
||
4 |
1.70 |
2.16 |
2.04 |
1.97 |
0.239 |
12.1 |
||
5 |
1.73 |
2.15 |
2.00 |
1.96 |
0.216 |
11.0 |
||
6 |
1.59 |
2.29 |
1.99 |
1.96 |
0.349 |
17.8 |
||
|
|
|
|
Mean SD±CV (%0 |
1.97 0.01 0.62 |
|
|
|
Physicochemical data
The environmental conditions (pH-value, room temperature, light intensity) were determined to be within the acceptable limits, Table 5. The test media were clear throughout the exposure phase.
Table 5: Environmental conditions
Geometric mean measured test item concentration |
pH-values |
|
(mg/L) |
Start; 0 hours |
End; 72 hours |
54.7 |
7.43 |
7.53 |
26.4 |
7.45 |
7.80 |
13.9 |
7.47 |
7.98 |
4.32 |
7.49 |
8.32 |
2.04 |
7.53 |
8.40 |
Control |
7.60 |
8.57 |
Room temperature (°C): min 21.5 |
max: 22.5 |
mean value: 22.0 |
Light intensity (lux) n =28 |
mean value: 5957 range of the measured values: 5130 to 6726 equalling -13.9 to 12.9% |
CV (%): 6.52 |
Measured concentrations of total organic carbon during the definitive test
The total organic carbon (TOC) was determined at the start and end of the exposure. The results are in Table 6
Table 6: TOC content of the test media at the start and end of exposure
Sampling date |
2018-07-17 0 hour Start of exposure |
2018-07-20 72 hours End of exposure |
||
Date of analysis |
2018-07-17 |
2018-07-20 |
||
Geometric mean measured test item concentration (mg/L) |
TOC (mg C/L) |
|||
Meas. TOC (mg C/L) |
Calc. TOC (mg/L) |
Meas. TOC (mg C/L) |
Calc. TOC (mg/L) |
|
54.7 |
46.5 |
43.9 |
33.7 |
32.7 |
26.4 |
23.2 |
20.6 |
16.6 |
15.6 |
13.9 |
13.1 |
10.5 |
7.78 |
6.78 |
4.32 |
5.96 |
<LOQ |
4.30 |
3.30 |
2.04 |
3.18 |
<LOQ |
2.14 |
<LOQ |
Control (Rep. 1,2,3) |
3.01 3.11 1.65 |
- |
1.03 1.01 0.97 |
- |
Control (Mean) |
2.59 |
- |
1.00 |
- |
Control (±SD) |
0.816 |
- |
0.031 |
- |
LOQ |
9.93 |
- |
1.28 |
- |
Meas. TOC = Measured TOC concentration, mean value of 2 injections
Calc. TOC = Calculated TOC (attributed to the test item) = measured TOC – background (mean value for the control)
The limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated as follows: LOQ = mean value (control) + 9 x standard deviation
Measured exposure concentrations during definitive test
The concentrations of the test item were determined at the start of the exposure (0 hour) and at the end of the exposure (72 hours) of all tested concentrations and the control by GC-MS.
The measured concentrations of the test item at the start of exposure were in the range 72 to 95% of the nominal concentrations of the test item. At the end of the exposure, the measured concentrations were between 15 and 35% of the nominal concentrations of the test item. The geometric mean measured concentrations were calculated. Results are in Table 7
Table 7: Measured concentrations of the test item concentration in fresh medium (0 hour) and old medium (72 hours) with algae
Sampling date |
Fresh media, 0 hour |
Old media, 72 hours |
Geometric mean measured concentrations |
||
Nominal test item concentration (mg/L) |
Meas. conc. (mg/L) |
(%) |
Meas. conc. (mg/L) |
(%) |
(mg/L) |
100 |
84.6 |
85 |
35.3 |
35 |
54.7 |
50.0 |
43.7 |
87 |
16.0 |
32 |
26.4 |
25.0 |
23.7 |
95 |
8.13 |
33 |
13.9 |
12.5 |
10.3 |
82 |
1.82 |
15 |
4.32 |
6.25 |
4.52 |
72 |
0.924 |
15 |
2.04 |
Control |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
<LOQ |
Meas. conc. = Measured concentration of the test item (enrichment and dilution factor taken into account)
% = Percent of the nominal concentration of the test item
LOQ = Limit of Quantification (0.008 mg test item/L)
Description of key information
Algal inhibition: 72 hour EC50 36.2 mg/l and ErC10 9.39 mg/l, effects of parent substance on growth rate of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 36.2 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 9.39 mg/L
Additional information
A 72-hour ErC50 value of 36.2 mg/l, ErC10 value of 9.39 mg/l and NOEC value of 4.32 mg/l have been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, based on geometric mean measured concentrations (Noack, 2018).
Degradation due to hydrolysis in the test media was observed. The adjustment of pH to as close to neutral as reasonably possible was designed to maintain maximum exposure to the parent test substance. However, due to the static regime of the algal test, and the fact that the growth of algae can increase test media pH, loss of parent test substance by degradation was significant. An average of 84% of nominal test substance concentration was determined at the start of the test, but this decreased to 26% in the old media at 72 hours. The test organisms were therefore exposed predominantly to the parent substance at the beginning of the test, but by the end of the test the algae were exposed predominantly to the hydrolysis products.
To support the measured data, a 96-hour EC50 value of 4.1 mg/l has been estimated for the effects of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate on freshwater algae. It can be seen that the EC50 predicted by QSAR seems to be conservative in comparison to the experimental data.
Reliable existing test results are available for the silanol hydrolysis product, based on studies conducted with the analogous substance 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (CAS 2530-85-0), and are included as supporting read-across evidence. The results may be expressed in terms of concentration of the hydrolysis product, 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, by applying a molecular weight correction: (MW of silanol = 206.27 / MW of parent = 248.35) * [Conc. of parent] = [conc. of silanol]. Using this method, the results are as follows: Algae: EC50 (72 h): >83 mg/l and >445 mg/l; NOEC: ≥83 mg/l and 267 mg/l (results re-calculated with molecular weight adjustment and expressed as concentration of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl methacrylate).
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