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EC number: 234-634-6 | CAS number: 12018-10-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Already evaluated by the Competent Authorities for Biocides and Existing Substance Regulations.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Development of a Standardised Reproduction Toxicity Test with the Earthworm Species Eisenia fetida andrei Using Copper, Pentachlorophenol and 2,4-Dichloroaniline.
- Author:
- van Gestel, C.A.M., Van Dis, W.A., Breemen, E.M. & Sparenburg, P.M.
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety. 18: 305-312
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The experimental design was set out to describe chronic earthworm toxicity using test systems designed to define acute toxicity.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- soluble copper
- IUPAC Name:
- soluble copper
Constituent 1
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Dose descriptor:
- other: see summary
- Remarks on result:
- other: see summary
Any other information on results incl. tables
RS-Freetext:
Copper analysis - All Soil tests
Initial concentrations of test substance
Nominal exposure concentrations in the soil are provided
table A7_5_2_1-4
Effects of soil characteristics
Concentration-response curves
The results of the cocoon production test are shown in
Figure A7_5_2_1-1.
Toxicity thresholds
Cocoon Production
There was no difference between the number of cocoons
produced in jars with treated and untreated cow dung. In
Figure A7_5_2_1-1 the numbers of cocoons produced are
therefore averaged for all four jars per concentration.
EC50 values for the effect of Cu (phase B) on cocoon
production by E. fetida andrei are 191 (163-223) mg/kg dry
artificial soil. Using Student t tests the NOEL value for Cu
(phase B) was 120 mg/kg.
In phase A* of the test, the increase in worm weights was
affected in a dose-related manner: 19.9% increase in control
and 0.3% at 300 mg Cu per kg. During phase B, however, the
opposite occurred: control worms lost 4.4% of their weight,
while at 300 mg Cu per kg worm weights increased by 21.1 %.
There seemed to be a negative correlation between growth and
cocoon production during phase B, but not during phase A*.
In phase A* cocoon production was more affected than in
phase B. In phase C worms did recover cocoon production to a
level as high as or even exceeding control.
Cocoon hatchability
Cocoon hatchability was not affected by Cu (Table
A7_5_2_1-4).
APPLICANT'S SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Materials and methods
This reference describes an extension to a standardised
acute (lethality) test method to enable determination of the
effect of chemical substances on the reproduction of the
earthworm Eisenia fetida andrei. It is based on the existing
guidelines for acute toxicity testing with earthworms.
After being preconditioned for one week in untreated soil,
earthworms are exposed to the chemical substances for 3
weeks. The number of cocoons produced is determined, and
cocoons are incubated in untreated artificial soil for 5
weeks to assess hatchability.
Results and discussion
From Figure A7_5_2_1-1 it can be concluded that cocoon
production is always higher in phase B than in phase A. This
proves the necessity of a preincubation period to enlarge
the number of cocoons produced and with this the reliability
of the test.
From other data described in the reference relating to two
other test materials (not reported in this summary), it can
also be concluded that there is a large variation in the
amount of cocoons produced in the different tests. In phase
A of the Cu test, only 0.3-0.4 cocoons per worm per week
were produced, in the PCP test 1.0-1.3, and in the DCA test
1.4-2.2. In controls of phase B the difference between Cu
and PCP was reduced: 1.2 and 1.4 cocoons/worm/week,
respectively. In the DCA test more cocoons were produced:
2.0 cocoons/worm/week. Finally, in phase C cocoon production
was more or less similar for all three tests.
The number of juveniles per cocoon and the number of fertile
cocoons also varies greatly between the three tests
described. In the Cu test, 42% of the cocoons in the control
were infertile; in case of PCP this was 14.8%, and for DCA
5.7%. The number of juvenile worms per fertile cocoon were
1.7, 2.3, and 3.5 for the controls of the tests with Cu,
PCP, and DCA, respectively. The authors speculate that since
the tests were not performed at the same time, it is
possible that the reproductive performance of E. fetida
andrei is influenced by the season.
Because of high infertile control values, the results are
less robust than would otherwise be expected, however the
NOEL for cocoon production has statistical strength.
EC50 values for the effect of Cu (phase B) on cocoon
production by E. fetida andrei are 191 (163-223) mg/kg dry
artificial soil. Using Student t tests the NOEL value for Cu
(phase B) was 120 mg/kg.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The data warn against use of cocoon production as reliable endpoint for Eisena Feitida
- Executive summary:
CL-Freetext:
The experimental design was set out to describe chronic
earthworm toxicity using test systems designed to define
acute toxicity. Therefore it is not considered appropriate
to assess these data in light of validity criteria designed
for the acute guidelines.
However, high infertile control values indicate the cocoon
fertility data are less robust than would otherwise be
expected, indicating these data are not useable in the risk
assessment. However the NOEL for cocoon production has
statistical strength and indicates a NOEL of 120 mg/kg dw
can be derived from the results.
Reliability
The report does not provide extensive information on the
test material, preparation of the spiking solutions, or
spiking protocol, neither was the work performed to the
principles of GLP. The work was performed to an adaptation
of existing guidelines, and the results indicate very high
control cocoon infertility.
Therefore it is appropriate to classify the reliability as
2.
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