Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 232-108-0 | CAS number: 7787-32-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
No evidence of mutagenicity was seen in an Ames test performed with barium fluoride. As barium fluoride will dissociate under physiological conditions to form barium and fluoride ions, the available data on barium chloride and sodium fluoride were used to conclude on the mutagenic potential of barium fluoride.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
The genotoxic potential of barium fluoride was assessed in a "Weight-of-Evidence" approach in accordance with section 1.2 of REACH Annex XI. Under physiological conditions barium fluoride will dissociate into barium and fluoride ions. Therefore the genotoxicity of barium fluoride may reasonably be considered to be determined by the availability of Ba2+ cations and F- anions.
In vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Barium fluoride was examined for mutagenic activity in the Ames test (OECD guideline 471 and GLP compliant) using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and the tryptophan-requiring Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA, in the absence and presence of metabolic activation (CiTox, 2017).The test item concentrations in the Initial Mutation Test and in the Confirmatory Mutation Test (5 strains) were 5000, 1581, 500, 158.1, 50, 15.81 and 5 (Confirmatory only) μg/plate. The mean values of revertant colonies of the solvent control plates were within the historical control range, the reference mutagens showed the expected increase in the number of revertant colonies, the viability of the bacterial cells was checked by a plating experiment in each test. At least five analyzable concentrations were presented in all strains of the main tests. The tests were considered to be valid. Barium fluoride did not induce a dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA 1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. Based on the results of this study it is concluded that barium fluoride is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.
The absence of mutagenic potential in bacteria was confirmed in the available Ames test for barium chloride and sodium fluoride in which no evidence of mutagenicity was seen.
In vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
No in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells is available for barium fluoride. Comprehensive data on gene mutation in mammalian cells are available for barium chloride and sodium fluoride. As a first surrogate for bioavailability, the water solubility of a test substance may be used. Both barium chloride and sodium fluoride are highly water soluble with ca. 375 g/L and 40 g/L, respectively at neutral pH, whereas barium fluoride has a solubility of 1.6 g/L. Hence, any read across from barium chloride and sodium fluoride to BaF2 is inherently conservative.
Barium
In a study according to OECD guideline 476 and in compliance with GLP, barium chloride dihydrate was examined for its potential to induce gene mutations at the TK-locus of cultured mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells (Lloyd, 2010). It was concluded that barium dichloride did not induce gene mutations in the TK locus of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells when tested up to toxic and/or precipitating concentrations in two independent experiments in the absence and presence of a rat liver metabolic activation system (S9 mix).
Fluoride
The mutagenic activity of sodium fluoride was tested in a mammalian cell mutagenicity study under neutral and acidic conditions in the V79/HGPRT system (Slamenova 1996). Sodium fluoride was found to be cytotoxic at neutral pH, and highly cytotoxic in acidic conditions. Sodium fluoride treatment did not result in any mutagenic activity, and incubation of cells at reduced pH reduced the level of spontaneous mutations. The authors suggest that an acid environment which supports formation of hydrogen fluoride increases toxic but not mutagenic potencies of sodium fluoride.
A positive result with sodium fluoride is however reported in a mouse lynmphoma assay (NTP, 1990).
In vitro clastogenicity
For barium fluoride, no information is available on the potential to induce chromosome aberrations (clastogenicity). Therefore the available data on barium chloride and sodium fluoride are used to assess the potential to induce chromosome aberations. As a first surrogate for bioavailability, the water solubility of a test substance may be used. Both barium chloride and sodium fluoride are highly water soluble with ca. 375 g/L and 40 g/L, respectively at neutral pH, whereas barium fluoride has a solubility of 1.6 g/L. Hence, any read across from barium chloride and sodium fluoride to BaF2 is inherently conservative.
Barium
Based on the outcome of a guideline-compliant study barium dichloride does not induce chromosome aberrations in mammalian cells, when tested up to toxic and/or precipitating concentrations in two independent experiments in the absence and presence of a rat liver metabolic activation system (S9 mix).
Fluoride
The results of the chromosome aberration test were inconclusive (NTP 1990). The two laboratories used to test the effects of sodium fluoride on CHO cells showed conflicting results; one reported a negative result and one reported a positive result for both induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations
Conclusion
No evidence of mutagenicity was seen in an Ames test performed with barium fluoride. As barium fluoride will dissociate under physiological conditions to form barium and fluoride ions, the available data on barium chloride and sodium fluoride were assessed in a WoE approach to conclude on the mutagenic potential of barium fluoride. The results of the studies with barium chloride do not show any potential for mutagenicity. Although sodium fluoride shows a positive response in some in-vitro assays, fluoride is commonly known as non-genotoxic (ATSDR, 2003). In addition, the EU RAR concludes that fluoride does not interact directly with DNA and is not genotoxic when administered via an appropriate route (i.e. by oral or inhalation exposure)
Refs.
- ATSDR 2003. Toxicological profile for fluorides, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. September 2003.
- EU RAR Hydrogen Fluoride. EU RAR Hydrogen Fluoride, Volume 8, 2001.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available data , barium fluoride should not be considered to have a mutagenic potential, and hence no classification or labelling is required according to regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.