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EC number: 221-394-2 | CAS number: 3085-30-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Upon contact with water or moisture (e.g. within mucous membranes) aluminium tributanolate hydrolyses immediately to butan-1ol and aluminium 3+ cations (as hydroxide and oxyhydroxide). Hence, the toxicokinetics are determined by the toxicokinetic behaviour of these two species
Inhalation studies with butan-1-ol in human volunteers and dogs show that a significant amount of butan-1-ol is absorbed through the lung (40% in humans and 55% in dogs, respectively). Although the data obtained from humans do not provide blood half-life values, the plasma levels of butan-1-ol were proportionally exposure-related, suggesting rapid elimination.
In vitro studies indicate that butan-1-ol can permeate human skin (epidermis and dermis). A skin absorption rate of 8.8 µg/cm2/min was determined in dogs.
The pattern of excretion and overall recovery observed in different experimental animals demonstrate complete absorption of butan-1-ol by the oral route.
Once absorbed, butan-1-ol is distributed throughout the organism, with highest concentrations found typically in the liver, kidneys and lungs. After oral administration to rats, a peak blood level was reached after 1 to 2 hours; butan-1-ol then disappeared rapidly from the blood with an estimated half-life of 1 hour.
Butan-1-ol is metabolised, primarily via alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in the liver. This pathway involves oxidation to butyric acid and further degradation to shorter acids and ketones, ultimately to CO2. A minor pathway involves conjugation, mainly as butan-1-ol-O-glucuronide or butan-1-ol-O-sulphate and excretion in urine. Some butan-1-ol may be excreted in urine or expired unchanged (ECETOC JACC 41 2003).
In a review by the US-EPA ( TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF n-BUTANOL (CAS No. 71-36-3) In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) June 2011) it is concluded that butan-1-ol is readily absorbed following oral administration (80%; DiVincenzo and Hamilton, 1979a), moderately absorbed following an inhalation exposure (50%; DiVincenzo and Hamilton, 1979a; Astrand et al., 1976) and poorly absorbed following a dermal exposure (1%; Boman and Maibach, 2000). Once absorbed, butan-1-ol is rapidly distributed to many tissues including the liver, kidney, lung, brain and heart (Kaneko et al., 1994; DiVincenzo and Hamilton, 1979a).
No accumulation of aluminium in the brain or bones is seen in rats orally treated with Al(OH)3 for 9 weeks. No difference was observed between aged and young rats (Salina 1984). Similar results are reported by Zhou (2008), who found that oral administration of aluminium potassium sulfate ( 26-Al-labelled) was bioavailable to a very limited extend (0.29% for Al3+ and no difference between different tested ligands). In human volunteers about 0.01% of the dermally applied dose of aluminium chlorohydrate was absorbed (Fahrend 2001).
These data are indicative for a low absorption of aluminium via the oral and dermal route. Data in repeated dose studies with aluminium(III) species show in general no toxicity related to aluminium when applied via the oral route (the highest dose tested in these studies proves to be the NOAEL). For reproduction toxicity effects of aluminium intake on development and performance of cognitive tasks has been observed (NOAEL 8-10 mg/kg bw). These findings are indicative for some uptake of aluminium (III) species via the oral route.
Butan-1-ol: absorption dermal 10% (based on low molecular weight, logPow 0.88 and high water solubility and the data from review documents); absorption inhalation 50%; absorption oral 100% (default value)
Aluminium (hydroxide) as aluminium: absorption dermal 0.01 %; absorption inhalation 0%; absorption oral 10% (default value set as worst case)
A detailed toxicokinetic assessment can be found in section 13
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
- Absorption rate - oral (%):
- 100
- Absorption rate - dermal (%):
- 10
- Absorption rate - inhalation (%):
- 50
Additional information
The values are based on the absorption potential of butan-1-ol, as it is expected that aluminium (hydroxide) bioavailability via the inhalation and dermal route is very limited.
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