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EC number: 231-335-2 | CAS number: 7493-74-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 - 15 Jan 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Staatliches Gewerbeaufsichtsamt Hildesheim, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: test concentrations and the control were analytically verified from freshly prepared media after 0 and 72 h and from corresponding aged test media after 24 and 96 h
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: samples were stored at room temperature until the start of the analysis, if necessary. Prepared samples were stored in the autosampler at room temperature until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: appropriate volumes of the test item were pipetted directly into the test vessels, filled with appropriate volumes of the dilution water, mixed with an ultraturrax (1 min, 12000 rpm) and covered with a floating lid
- Controls: dilution water without test item
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): No - Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: zebrafish
- Source: fish used in the test were gained from a single brood stock of the laboratory (supplier: Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, Germany)
- Length at study initiation (mean): 2.29 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean): 0.173 g
ACCLIMATION
- Method of holding: at 23 ± 2 °C, diffuse light (0.1-10 µmol photons * m^-2 * s^-1, natural photoperiod), water was changed at least once per week, dissolved oxygen concentration was more than 80% of the air saturation value
- Acclimation period: at least 12 days
- Type and amount of food: food: Sera Vipan; Sera GmbH, Heinsberg, Germany; amount: 4% of the fish body weight per feeding day. Test fish were not be fed 24 h before test start
- Feeding frequency: 3 times per week
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality and no disease treatments were administered throughout holding - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 85 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 21.9 - 22.5 °C
- pH:
- 6.51 - 6.74
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Oxygen saturation: 91 - 100%
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/L (nominal)
0 (control), 0.0384, 0.115, 0.154, 0.254 and 0.728 mg/L (geometric mean measured) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 64 L glass aquaria
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: test aquaria were covered with a floating lid (i.e. with aluminium foil), fill volume was 40 L
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.03 g fish/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water of local origin (water was filtered on activated charcoal and aerated for at least 24 h to remove chlorine)
- Holding medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH, temperature and oxygen saturation were measured in all test vessels every 24 h from fresh and old test media. Total hardness of the water was determined at the beginning out of the control. Water temperature was recorded once per hour. Light intensity on the surface of the test aquaria was measured at test start.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes, to 6.50 ± 0.20 (repeated for each renewal day)
- Photoperiod: 8 h
- Light intensity: 1.79 to 2.35 µmol photons * m^-2 * s^-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : observations were made after 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: yes, semi static conditions, without headspace
- Test concentrations: 0 (control), 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 100% mortality was observed after already 24 h at the two highest concentrations while no mortality took place after 96 h at the 0.1 mg/L concentration. Based on these results concentrations between 0 and 1000 µg/L were chosen for the definitive test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.133 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on the geometric mean of LC100/LC0
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 0.115 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 0.154 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: no
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: % mortality during exposure time in the definitive test.
Geometric mean measured concentration [mg/L] Cumulative Mortality [%] after different exposure periods [h] 2 24 48 72 96 0.728 0 100 100 100 100 0.254 0 0 100 100 100 0.154 0 0 57 100 100 0.115 0 0 0 0 0 0.0384 0 0 0 0 0 Control 0 0 0 0 0 The measured concentrations in the stability test were 94%, 46% and 28% of the nominal concentration after 0, 24 and 48 h, respectively.
Table 2: Measured concentrations and % of the nominal values of the test item.
Sampling date 0 h (Fresh medium) 24 h (Old medium) 72 h (Fresh medium) 96 h (Old medium) Nominal concentration of the test item [mg/L] Meas. conc. [mg/L] % Meas. conc. [mg/L] % Meas. conc. [mg/L] % Meas. conc. [mg/L] % Geometric Mean Measured test item concentration* [mg/L] 1 0.780 78 0.679 68 - - - - 0.728 0.5 0.286 57 0.226 45 - - - - 0.254 0.25 0.141 56 0.169 68 - - - - 0.154 0.125 0.0742 59 0.0557 45 0.211** 169 0.203** 162 0.115 0.0625 < LOQ** - < LOQ - 0.0664 106 0.0525 84 0.0384 Control < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ < LOQ * concentrations < LOQ were taken into account with 1/2 LOQ ** result not conclusive probably due to an application error but confirmed by repetition, thus used for calculation of the mean measured concentration of the test item - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The study (OECD 203, GLP) with the zebrafish Danio rerio resulted in a LC50 (96 h) of 0.133 mg test item/L (based on the geometric mean of LC100/LC0).
- Executive summary:
The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 203, EU regulation No. 440/2008/ Method C.1 and GLP. The test organism, Danio rerio was exposed in a semi-static freshwater system to mean measured test item concentrations of 0 (control), 0.0384, 0.115, 0.154, 0.254 and 0.728 mg/L for 96 h. The definitive test was designed based on the findings of a range finding test with concentrations between 0.1 and 100 mg/L and an analytical test item stability test with 4 mg/L. The test concentrations were evaluated by HPLC-DAD analysis in freshly prepared media after 0 and 72 h and in the corresponding 24 h aged test media after 24 and 96 h. The measured concentrations vary between 45 and 169% of the nominal values and therefore all effect values base on geometric mean measured test item concentrations. Effects were observed in the three highest tested concentrations resulting in an LC50 (96 h) of 0.133 mg/L.
Reference
Description of key information
LC50 (96 h) = 0.133 mg/L (D. rerio, OECD 203)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.133 mg/L
Additional information
One study is available, in which the short term toxicity of the substance to fish is tested. The study was conducted according to OECD guideline 203, EU regulation No. 440/2008/ Method C.1 and GLP. The test organism, Danio rerio was exposed in a semi-static freshwater system to mean measured test item concentrations of 0 (control), 0.0384, 0.115, 0.154, 0.254 and 0.728 mg/L for 96 h. The definitive test was designed based on the findings of a range finding test with concentrations between 0.1 and 100 mg/L and an analytical test item stability test with 4 mg/L. The test concentrations were evaluated by HPLC-DAD analysis in freshly prepared media after 0 and 72 h and in the corresponding 24 h aged test media after 24 and 96 h. The measured concentrations vary between 45 and 169% of the nominal values and therefore all effect values base on geometric mean measured test item concentrations. Effects were observed in the three highest tested concentrations resulting in an LC50 (96 h) of 0.133 mg/L.
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