Diammineplatinum(II) nitrite

Explosiveness

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

explosive properties of explosives

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: see below

Deviations:

not specified

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The following tests were performed:

Mechanical Sensitiveness:
- Drop-Ball Impact Test (1)
- Impacted Friction (Mallet Friction Test) (2)
- Koenen Friction Machine (3)

Thermal Sensitivity:
- Electrostatic Spark Test (4)
- Ease of Ignition (Bickford Fuse) Test (5)
- EFL Time/Pressure Test (6)
- Hot Stage Microscopy
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Detonation Stimulus:
- Ballistic Mortar MK IIId (heavy confinement) (7)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: The material was received with 10% w/w water content. Some of the material was dried to constant weight in a dessicator over silica gel at ambient temperature for explosibility testing.

FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST: Dry salt and "as received" (water-wetted) material tested

Test series:

UN Test series 3

Method:

UN Test 3 (a) (ii): BAM Fallhammer

Parameter:

other: 50% height

Remarks:

m

Value:

1.84

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks on result:

other: Lowest level at which ignitions occurred was 1.41m. No ignitions at the next lower step-height, 1.21m. Material more sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzne and slightly less impact sensitive than RDX.

Remarks:

Dry sample tested.

Test series:

UN Test series 3

Method:

other: Impacted Friction (Mallet Friction Test)

Parameter:

other: Occurence of ignition

Result:

other: Ignitions occurred in all cases.

Remarks on result:

other: Material is regarded as being "ignitable by impacted friction" and is more sensitve than meta-dinitrobenzene

Remarks:

Dry sample tested.

Test series:

UN Test series 3

Method:

UN Test 3 (b) (i): BAM friction apparatus

Parameter:

other: load

Remarks:

kg

Value:

36

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks on result:

other: Decomposition observed in 6 trials.

Remarks:

Dry sample tested.

Test series:

other: Electrostatic Spark Test

Method:

other: Electrostatic Spark Test

Parameter:

other: Occurence of ignition

Result:

other: No ignitions in 50 separate trials with a spark discharge energy of 0.45J from a 0.014$F capacitor. Ignitions observed at 4.5J spark discharge energy with 0.1$F capacitor.

Remarks on result:

other: Material is comparatively insensitive to ignition in a layer by electrostatic spark discharge

Test series:

UN Test series 3

Method:

UN Test 3 (d): Small-scale burning test

Parameter:

other: Occurence of ignition

Result:

other: Material ignited and burnt vigorously without visible flame.

Remarks on result:

other: Dry sample tested.

Test series:

UN Test series 3

Method:

UN Test 3 (d): Small-scale burning test

Parameter:

other: Occurence of ignition

Result:

other: No ignition was observed.

Remarks on result:

other: Water-wetted sample tested.

Test series:

UN Test series 2

Method:

UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: pressure-rise time 100 to 300 psi

Remarks:

ms

Value:

2.3

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Remarks on result:

other: The pressure-rise time is of the same order as that of gunpowder.

Remarks:

Dry sample tested.

Test series:

UN Test series 2

Method:

UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: pressure-rise time 100 to 300 psi

Remarks:

ms

Value:

25.6

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Remarks on result:

other: Pressure-rise time is typical of deflagrating explosives.

Remarks:

Water-wetted sample tested.

Test series:

other: Hot Stage Microscopy

Method:

other: Hot Stage Microscopy

Parameter:

other: sample began to melt at 255 °C and ignited at 300 °C. At heating rate of 5 °C/minute, sample slowly darkened. No ignition observed up to 300 °C

Result:

other: sample began to melt at 255 °C and ignited at 300 °C. At heating rate of 5 °C/minute, sample slowly darkened. No ignition observed up to 300 °C

Remarks on result:

other: sample began to melt at 255 °C and ignited at 300 °C. At heating rate of 5 °C/minute, sample slowly darkened. No ignition observed up to 300 °C

Test series:

other: Hot Stage Microscopy "as received" material

Method:

other: Hot Stage Microscopy "as received" material

Parameter:

other: Discolouration occurred at 230 °C, melting began at 249 °C, sample ignited at 300 °C. At 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 210 °C, appeared to begin melting at 238 °C but gradually darkened to black powder residue

Result:

other: Discolouration occurred at 230 °C, melting began at 249 °C, sample ignited at 300 °C. At 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 210 °C, appeared to begin melting at 238 °C but gradually darkened to black powder residue

Remarks on result:

other: Discolouration occurred at 230 °C, melting began at 249 °C, sample ignited at 300 °C. At 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 210 °C, appeared to begin melting at 238 °C but gradually darkened to black powder residue

Test series:

other: Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Method:

other: Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Parameter:

other: 3 exothermic peaks observed with transition temperatures of 235 °C, 247 °Cand 279 °C. Respective mean transition energies were 90, 142 and 44 cal/g

Result:

other: 3 exothermic peaks observed with transition temperatures of 235 °C, 247 °Cand 279 °C. Respective mean transition energies were 90, 142 and 44 cal/g

Remarks on result:

other: 3 exothermic peaks observed with transition temperatures of 235 °C, 247 °Cand 279 °C. Respective mean transition energies were 90, 142 and 44 cal/g

Test series:

other: Ballistic Mortar MkIIId (heavy confinement)

Method:

other: Ballistic Mortar MkIIId (heavy confinement)

Parameter:

other: material is powerful in energy release being of the same order as gunpowder (G40)

Result:

other: material is powerful in energy release being of the same order as gunpowder (G40)

Remarks on result:

other: material is powerful in energy release being of the same order as gunpowder (G40)

• Drop ball impact test: Lowest level at which ignitions occurred was 1.41m. No ignitions at the next lower step-height, 1.21m. Material more sensitive to impact than meta-dinitrobenzne and slightly less impact sensitive than RDX;
• Impacted Friction (Mallet Friction Test (2): Ignitions occurred. Material is regarded as being "ignitable by impacted friction" and is more sensitive than meta-dinitrobenzene:
• Koenen Friction Machine (3) Decomposition observed in 6 trials;
• Electrostatic Spark Test (4) No ignitions in 50 separate trials with a spark discharge energy of 0.45j from a 0.014$F capacitor. Ignitions observed at 4.5J spark discharge energy 0.1$F capacitor) Material is comparatively insensitive to ignition in a layer by electrostatic spark discharge:
• Ease of Ignition (Bickford Fuse) Test (5) material ignited and burnt vigorously without visible flame: Ease of Ignition (Bickford Fuse) Test Material "as supplied". No ignition observed once test only;
• EFL Time/Pressure Test (6) One test, following times to rise from the pressure levels stated: 0 -100 psi: 19.4 milliseconds; 100 -300 psi: 2.3 milliseconds, material is regarded as having explosive properties: EFL Time/Pressure Test (7) "as supplied material" one test 0 -100 psi: 50 milliseconds, 100 -300 psi: 25.6 milliseconds. the "as received" material exhibited a pressure rise time typical of deflagrating explosives;
• Hot Stage Microscopy, sample began to melt at 255 °C and ignited at 300 °C. At heating rate of 5 °C/minute, sample slowly darkened. No ignition observed up to 300 °C; Hot Stage Microscopy "as received" material: Discolouration occurred at 230 °C, melting began at 249 °C, sample ignited at 300 °C. At 5 °C/minute sample discoloured at 210 °C, appeared to begin melting at 238 °C but gradually darkened to black powder residue;
• Differential Scanning Calorimetry, 3 exothermic peaks observed with transition temperatures of 235 °C, 247 °C and 279 °C. Respective mean transition energies were 90, 142 and 44 cal/g.
• Decomposition was not first order and overall decomposition energy was 276 cal/g (371 KJ/mole; 1.15 J/g);
• Ballistic Mortar MkIIId (heavy confinement) (7) material is powerful in energy release being of the same order as gunpowder (G40).

Interpretation of results:

explosive

Remarks:

Migrated information

Conclusions:

Platinum diamminedinitrite, dry, is readily ignitable, sensitive to impact, can be ignited by impacted friction and deflagrates in a similar manner to gunpowder in the time/pressure apparatus, that is, in a confined condition. The energy released in the ballistic mortar was of the same order as gunpowder. Water-wetting, to the extent of about 10% weight-for-weight, appeared to render the salt less readily ignitable to sparks from a Bickford Fuse, but did not slow down the deflagration rate, once ignition had commenced, beyond that of typical deflagrating explosives.

Executive summary:

This is a guideline study and is considered suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. Platinum diamminedinitrite exhibits explosive properties both when dry and when wetted with up to 10% water.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

explosive properties of explosives

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Explosivity test (only one test performed)

GLP compliance:

no

Diammineplatinum (II) was determined to be explosive in the dry test but was considered to be not mechanically sensitive in the water-moistened with 20%-weighted test

Interpretation of results:

other: explosive

Conclusions:

Diammineplatinum (II) was determined to be explosive in the dry test but was considered to be not mechanically sensitive in the water-moistened with 20%-weighted test.

Executive summary:

This information comes in the form of a study report. It predates GLP and does not state whether a guideline has been used. There are restrictions in the design and reporting of the study, however it is considered suitable for use as a supporting study for this endpoint. Diammineplatinum (II) was determined to be explosive in the dry test but was considered to be not mechanically sensitive in the water-moistened with 20%-weighted test.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

explosive properties of explosives

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Thermal stability and impact sensitivity tests were with differential thermal analysis

GLP compliance:

not specified

Exothermic decomposition: under the conditions of the screening DTA (3 K/min) two stage decomposition starting from 174°C. In an additionally accomplished long term DTA (0.05 K/min) the beginning of the decomposition was 81°C.

Impact Sensitivity: impact energy was varied in the range 40 to 9 J (BAM - Fallhammer)

Conclusions:

In thermal stability and impact sensitivity tests with differential thermal analysis, cis-Diaminndinitroplatin (II) exhibited exothermic decomposition under the conditions of the screening DTA (3 K/min) test. This was two stage decomposition starting from 174°C. In an additionally accomplished long term DTA (0.05 K/min) the beginning of the decomposition was 81°C. Using the BAM Fallhammertest cis-Diaminndinitroplatin (II) was not sensitive to impact at an energy less than or equal to 9 J.

Executive summary:

The study is non-GLP but is considered suitable for use as a supporting study for this endpoint. In a thermal stability and impact sensitivity tests with differential thermal analysis, cis-Diaminndinitroplatin (II) exhibited exothermic decomposition under the conditions of the screening DTA (3 K/min). This was two stage decomposition starting from 174°C. In an additionally accomplished long term DTA (0.05 K/min) the beginning of the decomposition was 81°C. Using the BAM Fallhammertest cis-Diaminndinitroplatin (II) was not sensitive to impact at an energy less than or equal to 9 J.

Description of key information

Diammineplatinum nitrite exhibits explosive properties both when dry and when wetted with up to 10% water.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Explosiveness:

explosive

Additional information

The study by Health and Safety Executive Research and Laboratory Services (1982) is a guideline study and is considered suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. Diammineplatinum nitrite exhibits explosive properties both when dry and when wetted with up to 10% water.

The Degussa (1985) study predates GLP and the study has limitations in design or reporting but is considered adequate for use as supporting study. Diammineplatinum (II) was determined to be explosive in the dry test but was considered to be not mechanically sensitive in the water-moistened with 20%-weighted test.

Heraeus & Heraeus (2007) is non-GLP but is considered suitable for use as a supporting study for this endpoint. In thermal stability and impact sensitivity tests with differential thermal analysis, cis-Diaminndinitroplatin (II) exhibited exothermic decomposition under the conditions of the screening DTA (3 K/min). This was two stage decomposition starting from 174°C. In an additionally accomplished long term DTA (0.05 K/min) the beginning of the decomposition was 81°C. Using the BAM Fallhammertest cis-Diaminndinitroplatin (II) was not sensitive to impact at an energy less than or equal to 9 J.

Due to the explosive properties of the solid substance, it is handled only in solution.