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EC number: 249-320-4 | CAS number: 28940-11-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- August 11 to September 12, 2005
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301F with GLP statement. All validity criteria were fulfilled.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Swiss GLP compliance programme (inspected on March 31-April 01, 2005 / signed on June 2005)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Physical state: White crystals
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (City of Geneva, Peney-Dessous) was used.
The sludge is collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 32 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral medium; compliant with recommendations of TG on mineral medium
The pH is measured and if necessary adjusted to 7.4 ± 0.2 with phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide.
- Test temperature: 22 °C
- Dry weight of suspended solids: 4.76 g/L; To obtain a concentration of 30 mg/L (dry weight) in a 250 mL flask, 1.57 mL of sludge was added (inoculum).
- Continuous darkness: No data
- Water: The water used during this study is deionised water containing less than 10 mg/L dissolved organic carbon.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Test flasks of the Sapromat
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: The respirometers used during this study are SAPROMAT D 12, made by J. M. VOITH GmbH, Heidenheim, Germany.
- Test performed in closed vessels: Yes
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes
- Procedure control: Yes with the reference substance
- Toxicity control: Yes
TOXICITY OF THE TEST SUBSTANCE
The toxicity of the test substance for the inoculum was checked. A pair of flasks of the volumetric respirometer was filled with mineral medium + test substance (100 mg/I) + reference substance (100 mg/l) + inoculum and their respirations were recorded as for the other flasks. If they are lower than those of the flasks containing mineral medium + reference substance ( 100 mg/l) + inoculum, the test substance can be assumed to be inhibitory to the inoculum used. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- 100 mg/L
- Preliminary study:
- None
- Test performance:
- Everyday the oxygen consumption of each flask is recorded and correct temperature and stirring are checked. At the end of the test period (normally 28 days), the pH of each flask is measured again.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 7
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 7
- Sampling time:
- 32 d
- Details on results:
- Oxygen uptakes, as read on the SAPROMAT meters, are corrected to account for the small differences between actual and nominal concentrations of test and reference substances.
The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with the test substance + reference substance showed no toxic effect of the test substance to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/L).
The test substance undergoes 7% biodegradation after 28 days (and 7% after 32 days) in the test conditions.
The repeatability validity criterion (not more than 20% difference between replicates) is fulfilled for the flasks containing test substance. Therefore, the test is considered valid. - Results with reference substance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum was thus verified (validity criterion).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, test substance should be regarded as not readily biodegradable according to this test.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test substance has been determined by the Manometric Respirometry Test according to the OECD Guideline No. 301F, EU Method C.4 -D with GLP compliance.
A nominal concentration of test substance (100 mg/L) introduced in the system.
The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with the test substance + reference substance show no toxic effect of the test substance to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/L). The test substance undergoes 7% biodegradation after 28 days (and 7% after 32 days) in the test conditions. The repeatability validity criterion (not more than 20% difference between replicates) is fulfilled for the flasks containing test substance. Therefore, the test is considered valid.
Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeds 40 % after 7 days and 65 % after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum is thus verified.
Under the test conditions, test substance should be regarded as not readily biodegradable according to this test.
Reference
Table 5.2.1/2: Test substance - Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD, mg O2/L, adjusted to nominal concentrations)
|
Days: |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
32 |
|
BOD sludge |
1st flask |
B1 |
11.0 |
17.0 |
25.0 |
28.0 |
28.0 |
2nd flask |
B2 |
8.0 |
17.0 |
26.0 |
29.0 |
29.0 |
|
Mean |
B |
9.5 |
17.0 |
25.5 |
28.5 |
28.5 |
|
BOD Test Substance |
1st flask |
C1 |
30.7 |
33.0 |
50.5 |
52.5 |
52.5 |
2nd flask |
C2 |
17.1 |
23.1 |
31.1 |
34.1 |
34.1 |
|
1st fl. corr |
C1-B |
21.2 |
16.0 |
25.0 |
24.0 |
24.0 |
|
2nd fl. corr |
C2-B |
7.6 |
6.1 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
|
% biodegradation of test substance |
1st flask |
D1 |
11 |
8 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
2nd flask |
D2 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|
Mean |
D |
7 |
6 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
Calculations:
B1, B2, C1, C2 A1, A2: experimental O2uptake values
B = (B1 + B2) / 2
D1 = 100 * (C1 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D2 = 100 * (C2 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D = (DI + D2)/2
[S] : Initial test substance concentration (mg/L)
ThOD: 1.98 mg O2/mg
Description of key information
OECD Guideline 301F, EU Method C.4-D, GLP, key study, validity 1:
7% biodegradation after 28 days.
Not readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
To assess the biodegradation of the registered substance, one valid experimental study is available.
This biodegradation study (Givaudan, 2005) was assessed as the key study and was performed on the registered substance according to the OECD Guideline No. 301F and EU Method C.4-D with GLP compliance. The test substance was exposed to activated sewage sludge micro-organisms at a concentration of 100 mg/L with culture medium at 22°C for 28 days. The degradation of the test substance was assessed by the measurement of oxygen consumption. Control solutions with inoculum and the standard material (aniline), together with a toxicity control were used for validation purposes. The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with the test substance + reference substance shows no toxic effect of the test substance to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/L). The test substance undergoes 7% biodegradation after 28 days (and 7% after 32 days) in the test conditions. The repeatability validity criterion (not more than 20% difference between replicates) is fulfilled for the flasks containing test substance. Therefore, the test is considered valid. Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeds 40 % after 7 days and 65 % after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum is thus verified. In conclusion, under the test conditions, test substance should be regarded as not readily biodegradable.
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