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EC number: 243-325-5 | CAS number: 19800-42-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-11-21 to 2016-11-25
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Range-finding study, not conducted under GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- The study is a range-finder
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A saturated solution with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test item was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a glass bottle with an appropriate amount of dilution water (acc. to OECD201). The saturated solution was stirred for 24 hours (1100 rpm) with a magnetic stirrer. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 μm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL). The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 10 minutes to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL was discarded. The following filtrate, i.e. the saturated solution, was used in the test. During filtration, the filter was always kept covered. The saturated solution was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect). No Tyndall effect was observed.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 21-24°C
- Details on test conditions:
- Light intensity: 4440 - 8880 Lux
Light regime: 24 h/d light - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 9.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 94.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the nominal 72 h ErC10 was >10 mg/L (equivalent to >9.48 mg a.i./L) and the nominal 72 h ErC50 was >100 mg/L (equivalent to >94.8 mg a.i./L).
- Executive summary:
A range-finding study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the test substance (in the form of a dark brown powder of 94.8% purity) to green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) according to OECD Guideline 201 and EU Method C3. A saturated solution at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 h prior to the start of exposure. An appropriate amount of the test substance was weighed out. The test substance was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide was inserted into a glass bottle with an appropriate amount of dilution water. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 h (1100 rpm) with a magnetic stirrer. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 μm). The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 10 min to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test substance. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. The following filtrate, i.e. the saturated solution, was used in the test. During filtration, the filter was always kept covered. The saturated solution was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect). No Tyndall effect was observed. Three concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 10: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. Four replicates were tested for the control and two replicates per concentration. Under the study conditions, the nominal 72 h ErC10 was >10 mg/L (equivalent to >9.48 mg a.i./L) and the nominal 72 h ErC50 was >100 mg/L (equivalent to >94.8 mg a.i./L) (Klix, 2016).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1990
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Method DIN 38412, Part 9
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Scenedesmus subspicatus
- Strain: DSM 86.81 - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- aerated
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 2°C
- pH:
- 8.1 - 9.0
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg a.i./L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 ml Erlenmeyers
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Fill volume: 100 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10000 cells/ml
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Light intensity and quality: 120 uE/m*m*s
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorimeter, measurement at 685 nm at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- < 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC90
- Effect conc.:
- 47 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the 72 h EC 10, 50 and 90 of the test substance to green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) were determined to be <1.5, 10 and 47 mg a.i./L (nominal).
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the test substance (in the form of a 200 mg a.i./L dispersion) to green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) according to DIN Method 38412, Part 9. The algae were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg a.i./L for 72 h under static conditions. Biomass was measured as in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence at 685 nm after 24, 48 and 72h. No analytical validation of test concentrations was conducted. Under the study conditions, the 72 h EC 10, 50 and 90 were determined to be <1.5, 10 and 47 mg a.i./L (nominal) (Siebel-Sauer, 1990).
Referenceopen allclose all
Concentration (% saturated solution) |
Growth rate inhibition (%) |
Yield inhibition (%) |
100 | 14 | 56 |
10 | 3 | 17 |
1 | 1 | 9 |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment:
EC50/LC50 for freshwater algae: >94.8 mg a.i./L
EC10 for freshwater algae: >9.48 mg a.i./L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A range-finding study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the test substance (in the form of a dark brown powder of 94.8% purity) to green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) according to OECD Guideline 201 and EU Method C3. A saturated solution at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 h prior to the start of exposure. An appropriate amount of the test substance was weighed out. The test substance was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide was inserted into a glass bottle with an appropriate amount of dilution water. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 h (1100 rpm) with a magnetic stirrer. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 μm). The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 10 min to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test substance. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. The following filtrate, i.e. the saturated solution, was used in the test. During filtration, the filter was always kept covered. The saturated solution was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect). No Tyndall effect was observed. Three concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 10: 1, 10 and 100 mg/L. Four replicates were tested for the control and two replicates per concentration. Under the study conditions, the nominal 72 h ErC10 was >10 mg/L (equivalent to >9.48 mg a.i./L) and the nominal 72 h ErC50 was >100 mg/L (equivalent to >94.8 mg a.i./L) (Klix, 2016).
A study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the test substance (in the form of a 200 mg/L dispersion) to green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) according to DIN Method 38412, Part 9. The algae were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg a.i./L for 72 h under static conditions. Biomass was measured as in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence at 685 nm after 24, 48 and 72h. No analytical validation of test concentrations was conducted. Under the study conditions, the 72 h EC10, 50 and 90 were determined to be <1.5, 10 and 47 mg a.i./L (nominal) (Siebel-Sauer, 1990).
The more recent range finding study shows that the effects determined in the older study from 1990 most likely came from the colouration of the test solutions. Algae are known to be very sensitive to water colouration as it highly obstructs light absorption, leading to reduced photosynthesis and growth rate. In the study from 1990, 100 mg/L dispersant were used so that the test solutions were intensely coloured. The new study was performed without dispersant and the stock solution was filtrated additionally. Apparently, there is no effect on algal growth if no colouration happens. For risk assessment purposes, the results of the recent range finder are therefore used.
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