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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

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Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
see read-across document
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Key result
Species:
other: all 3
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
100 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
167 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
289 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Phaseolus aureus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
316 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Sorghum bicolor
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
68 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Helianthus annuus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
116 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Phaseolus aureus
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
126 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
meas. (initial)
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
growth
Details on results:
There was 91% emergence of sunflowers at all concentrations. Mung bean emergence was at least 84% at concentrations of 100 mg/kg AI or below. At 1000 mg/kg AI, emergence was only 75%. Seed emergence was 78-84% in sorghum for controls and all concentrations but the highest. At 1,000 mg/kg AI, emergence was only 69%. At the 1000 mg/kg AI concentration, sunflowers and mung beans barely emerged, and showed signs of dying. Sorghum shoots at this concentration were healthy but stunted. The low emergence in mung beans may be due to a cold spell early in the test.

Number (Percent) of Plants Emerged at Day 7

Species

Control

1 mg/kg

10 mg/kg

100 mg/kg

1000 mg/kg

Sorghum

26 (81)

27 (84)

27 (84)

25 (78)

22 (69)

Sunflower

30 (94)

32 (100)

30 (94)

32 (100)

29 (91)

Mung bean

31 (97)

27 (84)

30 (94)

27 (84)

24 (75)
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The NOEC for all three species is 100 mg/kg AI. The 21-day EC50 for sunflower was 289 mg/kg AI, for sorghum it was 167 mg/kg AI, and for mung bean it was 316 mg/kg AI.
Executive summary:

The toxicity of the test substance to three species of plant, sunflower, sorghum, and mung bean, was determined. Seeds of these three species were grown in soil containing concentrations of the test ingredient of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg active ingredient in dry soil. The emergence and growth of seedlings was monitored for 21 days. There was a decrease in emergence of all three species at the highest concentration, with some shoots barely emerging, and stunted and dying. The NOEC for all three species is 100 mg/kg AI. The 21-day EC50 for sunflower was 289 mg/kg AI, for sorghum it was 167 mg/kg AI, and for mung bean it was 316 mg/kg AI.

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
see read-across document
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
80 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Brassica rapa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
86 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Sinapis alba
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
200 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Avena sativa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
300 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Sinapis alba
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
300 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Brassica rapa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
1 641 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
growth
Details on results:
There was a steep dose-response curve in all species.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg soil.
Executive summary:

Three species of crop plant B. rapa, A. sativa, and S. alba, were grown in soil containing concentrations of LAS that varied from 0 -10,000 mg/kg dw soil. The seedlings were grown for 14 days, and then weighed. The weight was compared to weights of controls plants. All three species showed a dose-related reduction in growth. The EC10 for B. rapa was 86 mg/kg dw soil, for A. sativa it was 80 mg/kg dw soil, and for S. alba it was 200 mg/kg dw soil.

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
see read-across document
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Key result
Species:
other: Malva pusilla
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
204 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Solanum nigrum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
169 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Chenopodium album
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
164 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Amaranthus retroflexus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
142 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Nigella arvensis
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
133 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Galinsoga parviflora
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
90 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
Brassica rapa
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
164 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Malva pusilla
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
110 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Solanum nigrum
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
120 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Chenopodium album
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
120 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Amaranthus retroflexus
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
110 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Nigella arvensis
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
52 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Key result
Species:
other: Galinsoga parviflora
Duration:
14 d
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
55 mg/kg soil dw
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 14-day EC50 for various plant species ranged from 90-204 mg/kg dw.
Executive summary:

Plants from seven different species, Malva pusilla, Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Nigella arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora, and Brassica rapa, were exposed to concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg dw of LAS. Plants were exposed for 14 days, after which their weights were determined. The following EC50s were found:

Malva pusilla 204 mg/kg dw, Solanum nigrum 169 mg/kg dw, Chenopodium album 164 mg/kg dw, Amaranthus retroflexus 142 mg/kg dw, Nigella arvensis 133 mg/kg dw, Galinsoga parviflora 90 mg/kg dw, and Brassica rapa 164 mg/kg dw.

The following EC10s were found: Malva pusilla 110 mg/kg dw, Solanum nigrum 120 mg/kg dw, Chenopodium album 120 mg/kg dw, Amaranthus retroflexus 110 mg/kg dw, Nigella arvensis 52 mg/kg dw, Galinsoga parviflora 55 mg/kg dw, and Brassica rapa 86 mg/kg dw.

Description of key information

As part of a complete assessment of terrestrial toxicity to the read across substance LAS, Jensen et al. (2007) summarized the available data on responses of non-crop and agricultural crop species.

EC10s ranged from 55-126 mg/kg soil and EC50s ranged from 90-316 mg/kg soil.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
90 mg/kg soil dw
Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
55 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

As part of a complete assessment of terrestrial toxicity to the read across substance LAS, Jensen et al. (2007) summarized the available data on responses of non-crop and agricultural crop species. Growth was universally the most sensitive endpoint and in all the experiments, the read across substance LAS was added as an aqueous solution resulting in maximum bioavailability. Three blocks of studies were conducted on crop and non-crop plants. The first group of studies on crop plants by Windeat (1987) exposed sorghum, sunflower and mung bean to LAS at 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg soil. EC10s ranged from 68-126 mg/kg soil and EC50s ranged from 167-316 mg/kg soil. The second group of studies by Günther and Pestemer (1992) on oat and mustard species involved exposures from 0-10,000 mg/kg soil. The last group of studies, mostly on non crop species, by Marschner (1992) were derived from exposing plants up to 1000 mg/kg resulting in EC10 values that ranged from 55-120 mg/kg and EC50 values of 90-204 mg/kg.