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EC number: 220-293-0 | CAS number: 2706-28-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data is from predicted database
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from predicted database
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: Disodium-4-aminoazobenzene-3,4'-disulfonate ( Synonym of C.I. Acid Yellow 9)
- Molecular formula: C12H11N3O6S2.2Na
- Molecular weight: 401.3301 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: No data available
- Purity: No data available
- Impurities: No data available - Target gene:
- No data
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- no data
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 metabolic activation system
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- No data
- Vehicle / solvent:
- No data
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Positive control substance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- No data
- Rationale for test conditions:
- No data
- Evaluation criteria:
- No data
- Statistics:
- No data
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no mutagenic potential (based on QSAR/QSPR prediction)
- Conclusions:
- negative with metabolic activation
The test material C.I. Acid Yellow 9 is failed to induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 with S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classify for gene mutation in vitro. - Executive summary:
Gene mutation toxicity study was performed for the test chemical C.I. Acid Yellow 9 using SSS QSAR prediction database, 2016. The study assumed the use of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 in the presence of S9 metabolic activation system. The test material C.I. Acid Yellow 9 is failed to induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 with S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classify for gene mutation in vitro.
Reference
The
prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following
descriptors: "Gene mutation"
Estimation method: Takes highest mode value from the 6 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
((((((("a"
or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e") and("f"
and(not
"g")) ) and("h"
and(not
"i")) ) and("j"
and(not
"k")) ) and("l"
and(not
"m")) ) and("n"
and(not
"o")) ) and("p"
and "q") )
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Anilines (Acute toxicity) by
US-EPA New Chemical Categories
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Aniline AND Aryl AND Azo AND
Sulfonic acid by Organic Functional groups
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Aniline AND Aryl AND Azo AND
Overlapping groups AND Sulfonic acid by Organic Functional groups
(nested)
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Nitrogen, one aromatic
attach [-N] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Azo [-N=N-] AND Miscellaneous
sulfide (=S) or oxide (=O) AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] AND Suflur
{v+4} or {v+6} AND Sulfonate, aromatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic
functional groups (US EPA)
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Amine AND Anion AND Aromatic
compound AND Azo compound AND Cation AND Primary amine AND Primary
aromatic amine AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional
groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by
OASIS v.1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >> Michael-type
addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition, quinoid
structures >> Flavonoids OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition, quinoid
structures >> Quinoneimines OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition, quinoid
structures >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic
addition reaction with cycloisomerization OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic
addition reaction with cycloisomerization >> Hydrazine Derivatives OR
AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic
activation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after
metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR
Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA
intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >>
Acridone, Thioxanthone, Xanthone and Phenazine Derivatives OR
Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR
Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Aminoacridine DNA
Intercalators OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA
Intercalators with Carboxamide and Aminoalkylamine Side Chain OR
Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring
Nitroaromatics OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >>
Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA
intercalation >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Naphthalenediimide
Derivatives OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones
and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Non-specific OR Non-specific >> Incorporation
into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with nucleoside bases OR
Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy
with nucleoside bases >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR
Radical OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Acridone,
Thioxanthone, Xanthone and Phenazine Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Amino Anthraquinones OR
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Flavonoids
OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >>
Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS
formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >>
Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane
Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect)
>> Hydrazine Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS
formation (indirect) >> Nitro Azoarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism
via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR Radical >>
Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other
Active Groups OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation
(indirect) >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR Radical >>
Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitrophenols,
Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids OR Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> p-Aminobiphenyl Analogs OR
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >>
Polynitroarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation
(indirect) >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted
Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS
formation (indirect) >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR Radical
>> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Thiols OR Radical
>> ROS formation after GSH depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> ROS
formation after GSH depletion (indirect) >> Quinoneimines OR SN1 OR SN1
>> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species OR SN1 >>
Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species >>
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Naphthalenediimide Derivatives OR
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >>
Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Acyclic Triazenes
OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation
OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation
>> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR SN1
>> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >>
Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after
nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium
ion formation >> p-Aminobiphenyl Analogs OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary
Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and
nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction
and nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR SN1 >>
Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitro
Azoarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium
ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other
Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and
nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation
>> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids OR SN1 >>
Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >>
Polynitroarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ion OR
SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ion >> Specific Imine and
Thione Derivatives OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group
after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group
after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2
>> Alkylation OR SN2 >> Alkylation >> Alkylphosphates,
Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct
acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR
SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after
P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
and Naphthalenediimide Derivatives OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides
formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides
formed after metabolic activation >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >>
Direct nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation OR SN2 >> Direct
nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation >> Hydrazine Derivatives OR SN2
>> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol
(glutathione) conjugation OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3
carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation >> Geminal
Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom OR
SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2
>> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on
activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by
DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as SN1 AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion
formation AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo AND SN1 >>
Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary aromatic amine by DNA binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Michael addition OR Michael
addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type
Chemicals OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones
and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR No alert found OR SN1 >> Iminium
Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary
amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >>
Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic phenylureas OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion
formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation
>> Unsaturated heterocyclic azo by DNA binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "j"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "k"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct
Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation
Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates OR Michael addition OR Michael
addition >> Polarised Alkenes OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes
>> Polarised alkene - ketones OR Michael addition >> Quinones and
Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type
Chemicals >> Quinone-imine OR SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon
atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Allyl acetates and
related chemicals by Protein binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "l"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein
binding alerts for Chromosomal aberration by OASIS v.1.2
Domain
logical expression index: "m"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >> Michael addition
to the quinoid type structures OR AN2 >> Michael addition to the quinoid
type structures >> Substituted Anilines OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition
to pyridonimine tautomer of aminopyridoindoles or aminopyridoimidazoles
OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition to pyridonimine tautomer of
aminopyridoindoles or aminopyridoimidazoles >> Heterocyclic Aromatic
Amines OR Radical mechanism OR Radical mechanism >> ROS generation and
direct attack of hydroxyl radical to the C8 position of nucleoside base
OR Radical mechanism >> ROS generation and direct attack of hydroxyl
radical to the C8 position of nucleoside base >> Heterocyclic Aromatic
Amines OR SE reaction (CYP450-activated heterocyclic amines) OR SE
reaction (CYP450-activated heterocyclic amines) >> Direct attack of
arylnitrenium cation to the C8 position of nucleoside base OR SE
reaction (CYP450-activated heterocyclic amines) >> Direct attack of
arylnitrenium cation to the C8 position of nucleoside base >>
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines OR SR reaction (peroxidase-activated
heterocyclic amines) OR SR reaction (peroxidase-activated heterocyclic
amines) >> Direct attack of arylnitrenium radical to the C8 position of
nucleoside base OR SR reaction (peroxidase-activated heterocyclic
amines) >> Direct attack of arylnitrenium radical to the C8 position of
nucleoside base >> Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines by Protein binding
alerts for Chromosomal aberration by OASIS v.1.2
Domain
logical expression index: "n"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by in vitro
mutagenicity (Ames test) alerts by ISS
Domain
logical expression index: "o"
Referential
boundary:The
target chemical should be classified as Aromatic diazo OR Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons OR Primary aromatic amine,hydroxyl amine and its
derived esters by in vitro mutagenicity (Ames test) alerts by ISS
Domain
logical expression index: "p"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -3.99
Domain
logical expression index: "q"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= -1.18
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
Gene mutation in vitro:
Prediction model based estimation and data from read across have been summarized to evaluate the mutagenic nature of the test compound Fast Yellow AB:
Gene mutation toxicity study was performed for the test chemical C.I. Acid Yellow 9 (CAS no 2706 -28 -7) using SSS QSAR prediction database, 2016. The study assumed the use of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 in the presence of S9 metabolic activation system. The test material C.I. Acid Yellow 9 is failed to induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 with S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classify for gene mutation in vitro.
Gene mutation toxicity study was performed for the test chemical C.I. Acid Yellow 9 (CAS no 2706 -28 -7) using SSS QSAR prediction database, 2016. The study assumed the use of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 in the absence of S9 metabolic activation system. The test material C.I. Acid Yellow 9 is failed to induce mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 without S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to classify for gene mutation in vitro.
Genetic toxicity test was performed (GSBL, 2016) on strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98 and TA100) at 0.001 mg/ Plate -3 mg/ Plate concentrations for the test compound disodium-4-aminoazobenzene-3,4'-disulfonate in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation. The test compound failed to induce mutation in the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and hence is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
Salmonella/ mammalian-microsome test was performed by Muzall and Cook (1979) to evaluate the mutagenic nature of the test compound Ext D&C Yellow no. 1 (RA CAS no 587 -98 -4). The 2 ml of liquid top agar was cooled to 45°C and 0.1 ml of a broth culture of microorganism and test substance in volumes of ≤ 0.4 ml of DMSO was added prior to placing on minimal agar plates. After 48 h incubation at 37°C, the colonies which reverted to the prototroph were counted and compared to counts on the control plate (containing no test substance) to demonstrate mutagenicity or toxicity. Materials which caused a 2-fold increase of revertants, as compared to the number of spontaneous revertants on the control plates, were denoted as mutagens. Those which reduced the number of revertants were considered inhibitory. The test compound Ext D&C Yellow no. 1failed to induce mutation inSalmonella typhimuriumTA98, TA1537, TA100, TA1535 and hence is negative for gene mutation in vitro.
In the same study by Muzall and Cook (1979) Salmonella/ mammalian-microsome test (Spot test) was performed to evaluate the mutagenic nature of the test compound Ext D&C Yellow no. 1 (RA CAS no 587 -98 -4).The spot test was used to screen the test material for potential mutagenicity. The test material was placed in the center of the plate. The test compound was tested with and without the S9 mix. Inhibition of the bacterium was indicated by a clearing of the background lawn in a zone surrounding the test material. Mutagenicity was indicated by a clustering of revertant colonies directly around the test material or at the edge of the inhibitory zone. A known mutagen, Captan, was used as a reference mutagen. The test compound Ext D&C Yellow no. 1 failed to induce mutation inSalmonella typhimuriumTA98, TA1537, TA100, TA1535) in the spot test performed and hence is negative for gene mutation in vitro.
Gene mutation study was conducted (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1992) to evaluate the mutagenic nature of the test compound 4,4'-Diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt (RAC AS no 7336 -20 -1). The study was performed using typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or TA98 with and without S9 metabolic activation system at upto five doses with the highest dose being 5000 µg/mL. Preincubation protocol was followed. The test compound 4,4'-Diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid, disodium saltfailed to induce mutation in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or TA98 with and without S9 metabolic activation system and hence is not likely to be mutagenic in vitro.
Based on the weight of evidence data summarized, the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
Data is from predicted database
Short description of key information:
The test chemical Fast Yellow AB is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
Endpoint Conclusion: No adverse effect observed (negative)
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the weight of evidence data summarized, the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
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