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EC number: 248-053-0 | CAS number: 26850-47-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05.08.-05.09.1991
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- Official Journal of the European Communities, L 133, 30/05/1988
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Composite samples (about 150 ml per concentration and control) of each test concentration were drawn by mixing identical volumes of the test solutions taken from the approximate center of the test vessels. They were taken immediately before exposure and after 72 hours exposure and kept at -18 °C to -22 °C until analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Test concentrations were prepared from stock solution (20 mg test substance mixed and made up to 5000 ml test water).
Calculated amounts of the stock solution to produce the desired test concentrations were given into the water and were homogeneously distributed. The algae were then transfered into the flasks.
The test substance was visually homogeneously distributed in the test vessels at all test times and concentrations. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: Scenedesmus subspicatus
- Source: CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., testing facility
- Method of cultivation: according to guideline
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 days preculture at test conditions
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: none reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 23 °C +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.8-7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- n.a.
- Conductivity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0 (blank), 0.000123, 0.00037, 0.0011, 0.0033, 0.01 mg/L test substance
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks on lab shaker
- Type: open
- Size, fill volume: 100 ml, 50 ml
- Aeration: no
- Initial cell density: 10500 cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: composition according to guideline
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: cold white fluorescent light, 119 µE/m² sec (mean, spherical unit)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell densities: TOA cell counter at 24, 48, and 72 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.008 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence limit
- Remarks:
- 0.0071-0.0081 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.003 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 0.01 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated from raw data in study report
- Details on results:
- - Lower specific growth rate in control cultures on day one compared to the total average specific growth rate indicates a lag phase.
- It was demonstrated that a strong adsorption of the test substance occurs on polar surfaces. The proportion of test substance adhering on the glass walls and on the algae is not known. Analytical results seem to indicate an elimination of the test substance from the aqueous phase into the algae. Due to this situation the data are based and calculated on nominal values.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: yes - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EbC-50 values were calculated according to BERKSON, JASA 48(1953),569-599.
The NOEbC value is calculated according to the modified DUNNETT'S MULTIPLE COMPARISON TEST(MARCUS and al., BIOMETRIKA 63, 655-660, 1976). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- validity criteria as laid down in the Official Journal of the European Communities No L 133 from 30/05/1988
- Conclusions:
- The 72-h EbC50 and NOEbC of the test item to the green algae (Scendesmus subspicatus) is 0.0077 mg/L and 0.0033 mg/L, respectively.
The 72-h ErC50 was calculated from the raw data given in the study report: > 0.01 mg/L. - Executive summary:
In a 72 hour toxicity study, the cultures of Scenedesmus subspicatus were exposed to the test item at nominal concentrations of 0 (blank), 0.000123, 0.00037, 0.0011, 0.0033 and 0.01 mg/L under static conditions in accordance with the Official Journal of the European Communities No L 133 from 30/05/1988. The NOEC and EC50 values based on cell density were 0.0033 and 0.077 mg/L, respectively. The % growth inhibition (areas under growth curves) in the treated algal culture as compared to the control ranged from 0 (stimulation of growth) to 88.7% at the highest concentration tested.
Based on the raw data given in the study report, the ErC value for inhibition of the growth rate was calculated. At the highest concentration tested, the inhibition of the growth rate was 48 %.
The following abnormalities were noted:
- Lower specific growth rate in control cultures on day one compared to the total average specific growth rate indicates a lag phase.
- It was demonstrated that a strong adsorption of the test substance occurs on polar surfaces. The proportion of test substance adhering on the glass walls and on the algae is not known. Analytical results seem to indicate an elimination of the test substance from the aqueous phase into the algae. Due to this situation the data are based and calculated on nominal values.
- All test concentrations except for the highest substance concentration of 0.01 mg/L resulted in promotion of algal growth compared to the control cultures.
This toxicity study is classified as supplementary and satisfies the guideline requirements for an Algal Inhibition Test according to the Official Journal of the European Communities No L 133 30/05/1988.
Results Synopsis
Test Organism: Scenedesmus subspicatus
Test Type: Static
72 hr EbC50: 0.0077 mg/L 95% C.I.: 0.0071-0.0081 mg/L
72 hr NOEbC: 0.0033 mg/L
Endpoint(s) Effected: cell number
72 hr ErC50 > 0.01 mg/L
Endpoint(s) Effected: growth rate
Reference
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Cell densities cells/ml * 10000 |
||||
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
||
Control |
R1 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
5.00 |
31.50 |
R2 |
1.05 |
0.70 |
4.00 |
15.50 |
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
3.50 |
23.50 |
|
R4 |
1.05 |
0.50 |
2.90 |
24.00 |
|
R5 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
2.80 |
26.00 |
|
R6 |
1.05 |
1.30 |
4.50 |
52.00 |
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.78 |
3.78 |
28.75 |
|
0.000123 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.80 |
5.80 |
49.50 |
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
3.90 |
32.00 |
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.70 |
4.70 |
48.50 |
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.83 |
4.80 |
43.33 |
|
0.00037 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.70 |
3.30 |
23.50 |
R2 |
1.05 |
0.50 |
3.80 |
37.50 |
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.90 |
4.10 |
31.00 |
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.70 |
3.73 |
30.67 |
|
0.0011 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
7.90 |
107.00 |
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
8.50 |
37.50 |
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.90 |
6.80 |
50.50 |
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.83 |
7.73 |
65.00 |
|
0.0033 |
R1 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
6.10 |
30.50 |
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
4.60 |
36.00 |
|
R3 |
1.05 |
1.20 |
5.20 |
48.00 |
|
mean |
1.05 |
1.07 |
5.30 |
38.17 |
|
0.01 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.80 |
0.90 |
3.00 |
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
1.20 |
11.50 |
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.80 |
0.87 |
5.67 |
Multiplication factor N 72h/ N 0h: 27
Inhibition
Nominal conc. [mg/L] |
Areas under Growth Curves (A) * 10000 |
Mean A |
Inhibition* IA 0-72 h [%] |
|||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
|||
Blank |
457 |
235 |
316 |
305 |
331 |
698 |
390 |
0.0 |
0.000123 |
688 |
439 |
647 |
|
|
|
|
0.0 |
0.00037 |
314 |
489 |
428 |
|
|
|
|
0.0 |
0.0011 |
1425 |
614 |
725 |
|
|
|
|
0.0 |
0.0033 |
471 |
501 |
665 |
|
|
|
|
0.0 |
0.01 |
13 |
3 |
117 |
|
|
|
|
88.7 |
* Promotion of algal growth compared to control is indicated as 0
Analytical determination of test concentrations
Nominal conc. [mg/L] |
Measured concentrations |
|||
Initial (0 h) |
End (72 h) |
|||
mg/L |
% |
mg/L |
% |
|
Blank |
< 0.0005 |
- |
< 0.0005 |
- |
0.000123 |
nd |
- |
nd |
- |
0.00037 |
nd |
- |
nd |
- |
0.0011 |
0.0007 |
64 |
< 0.0005 |
< 45 |
0.0033 |
0.002 |
61 |
< 0.0005 |
< 45 |
0.01 |
0.007 |
70 |
0.001 |
10 |
nd: not determined (below the detection limit).
Recovery rate: 67.7 % (n=4, Srel .= 6.9 % ) in the range of the nominal concentrations from 0.0033 to 0.01 mg/L.
This recovery was taken into account for calculation of all measured test concentrations.
Inhibition of growth rate (calculated from raw data)
Nominal concentration [mg/L] |
Cell densities cells/ml * 10000 |
Section-by-section growth rate per day |
Average specific growth rate µ |
%Ir |
||||||
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
0-1 d |
1-2 d |
2-3 d |
0-72 h |
0-72 d |
||
Control |
R1 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
5.00 |
31.50 |
-0.002 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.05 |
|
R2 |
1.05 |
0.70 |
4.00 |
15.50 |
-0.4 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
0.04 |
|
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
3.50 |
23.50 |
-0.6 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
0.04 |
|
|
R4 |
1.05 |
0.50 |
2.90 |
24.00 |
-0.7 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
0.04 |
/ |
|
R5 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
2.80 |
26.00 |
-0.6 |
1.5 |
2.2 |
0.04 |
|
|
R6 |
1.05 |
1.30 |
4.50 |
52.00 |
0.2 |
1.2 |
2.4 |
0.05 |
|
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.78 |
3.78 |
28.75 |
-0.3 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
0.05 |
|
|
0.000123 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.80 |
5.80 |
49.50 |
-0.3 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
|
|
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
3.90 |
32.00 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
|
|
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.70 |
4.70 |
48.50 |
-0.4 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
|
|
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.83 |
4.80 |
43.33 |
-0.2 |
1.7 |
2.2 |
0.05 |
-14.80 |
|
0.00037 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.70 |
3.30 |
23.50 |
-0.4 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
|
|
R2 |
1.05 |
0.50 |
3.80 |
37.50 |
-0.7 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
|
|
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.90 |
4.10 |
31.00 |
-0.2 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
|
|
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.70 |
3.73 |
30.67 |
-0.4 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
0.05 |
-4.13 |
|
0.0011 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
7.90 |
107.00 |
-0.6 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
|
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
8.50 |
37.50 |
0.0 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
|
|
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.90 |
6.80 |
50.50 |
-0.2 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.83 |
7.73 |
65.00 |
-0.3 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
0.06 |
-27.32 |
|
0.0033 |
R1 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
6.10 |
30.50 |
0.0 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
|
|
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
4.60 |
36.00 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
2.1 |
|
|
|
R3 |
1.05 |
1.20 |
5.20 |
48.00 |
0.1 |
1.5 |
2.2 |
|
|
|
mean |
1.05 |
1.07 |
5.30 |
38.17 |
0.0 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
0.05 |
-10.89 |
|
0.01 |
R1 |
1.05 |
0.80 |
0.90 |
3.00 |
-0.3 |
0.1 |
1.2 |
|
|
R2 |
1.05 |
1.00 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
0.0 |
-0.7 |
1.6 |
|
|
|
R3 |
1.05 |
0.60 |
1.20 |
11.50 |
-0.6 |
0.7 |
2.3 |
|
|
|
mean |
1.05 |
0.80 |
0.87 |
5.67 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
1.7 |
0.02 |
47.98 |
Description of key information
In a 72 hour toxicity study, green algae were exposed to the test item at five different concentrations of up to 0.01 mg/L (nominal).
The NOEC and EC50values based on cell density were 0.0033 and 0.077 mg/L, respectively. The % growth inhibition (areas under growth curves) in the treated algal culture as compared to the control ranged from 0 (stimulation of growth) to 88.7% at the highest concentration tested.
Based on the raw data given in the study report, the ErC50 value for inhibition of the growth rate was calculated. At the highest concentration tested, the inhibition of the growth rate was 48 %.
Based on a worst case approach the ErC50 is considered to be 0.01 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.01 mg/L
Additional information
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