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EC number: 413-090-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 10 July 2006 to 30 August 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to OECD test guidance in compliance with GLP and reported with a GLP certificate.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The pH value was slightly higher than required by the guideline. However, the results of the test have not been impacted.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable. - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- Treatment rates: 100 and 1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil dry weight (dw)
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The test item was used as a water-miscible substance; therefore, no auxiliary substance was necessary. A stock solution was prepared. All application rates to be tested are based on the content of the active substance (49.0% w/w).
The test item was dissolved in an amount of deionised water sufficient to prepare a stock solution. This stock solution was used to produce one dosage solution of the test item. An appropriate amount of the stock and the dosage solution respectively served to prepare the different application rates of the test item onto the artificial soil.
The test item was incorporated into the soil by thoroughly mixing in the respective test item solution for approx. 10 minutes.
The method of pre-treatment of the test item was selected according to the characteristics of the test item and is described in the test guideline.
The worms were introduced into the test vessels, after the treated artificial soil was filled into the test vessels. The test animals were exposed to the test Item by dermal and alimentary uptake. - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- The earthworms used in this test, Eisenia fetida (Lumbricidae, Earthworms) are kept at ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH since February 1994. They were originally delivered by Co. Landenberger (D-72355 Sehflmberg).
Only adult worms (with clitellum) with a fresh weight between 300 and 600 mg were used. The selected test animals were acclimatised in untreated artificial soil at least 24 hours prior to the start of the test.
Breeding and keeping of the test organisms is described in detail in the Standard Operation Procedures (SOP) A 7.1 operated by the laboratory except those points which are otherwise outlined in this report. - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period
- Test temperature:
- 19.8 - 21.1 °C (recommended 20 ± 2 °C)
- pH:
- 6.7-6.8 (recommended 6.0 ± 0.5)
- Moisture:
- 51.7 -57.7% (recommended 40 - 60% of the WHCmax)
- Details on test conditions:
- Test Units
Test vessels were 1.5 L preservation Jars ("Tulpenform"), Co. Week, Wehr-Oflingen. The test vessels were covered by glass lids.
Test Conditions
The earthworms were tested in an artificial soil. The composition of this artificial soil was based on OECD Guideline No. 207 (1984) (the percentages refer to the dry weight);
10% Sphagnum peat (no visible plant remains; finely ground and air-dried)
20% Kaolln-Clay (kaolinite content > 30%)
69.5% Quartz sand (fine sand content with particles between 50 and 200 μm higher than 50%)
ca, 0.5% Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
The air dried peat was shredded in a chaff-cutter. Afterwards, all parts of the artificial soil were mixed homogeneously. The pH value was adjusted to 6 ± 0.5 using calcium carbonate. The moisture content was adjusted to 40 - 60% of WHCmax using deionised water. The water content of the artificial soil was determined by drying a small sample at 105 °C.
The following conditions were observed:
Temperature: 20 ± 2 °C
Light cycle: continuous light
Feeding: none
Chronological description of the test performance including methods used:
Performance of the test with two concentrations and an untreated deionised water control. Per concentration and control four test vessels (= replicates) each containing 10 earthworms were used.
Preparation of the artificial soil:
The dry constituents of the artificial soil were prepared. Calcium carbonate was used to adjust the pH-value to 6 ± 0.5. The maximum water capacity (WHCmax) of the artificial soil was determined. One day before starting the test the artificial soil (per replicate 500 g dw) was pre-moistened with deionised water (40 - 60% of WHCmax minus volume of application solution).
Selection of worms:
Adult worms were selected out of the culture in order to acclimatise them for at least 24 h in untreated artificial soil.
Test preparation;
Preparation of the test item solutions. The test item was dissolved in a sufficient amount of deionised water to prepare a stock solution. This stock solution was diluted with deionised water to obtain one test item solution (= dosage solution) for each test item concentration.
Filling in of the artificial soli into the test containers (corresponding to 500 g dw). In each of the test containers 100 mL of the aqueous test item solutions was applied onto the pre-moistened artificial soil. This amount of water/test item-mixture served also to adjust the final soil moisture of 40- 60% of WHCmax, In the controls 100 mL deionised water was added.
Mixing of the artificial soil until the test Item solution was homogeneously distributed. Determination of the pH-value and the moisture of the artificial soil once in each concentration (samples were taken from one test vessel).
Introduction of worms Into the test containers:
The acclimatised worms were weighed (individually) immediately after application of the test item. Sets of 10 worms were placed onto the soil surface of each test container randomly.
The test vessels were kept Into an incubator or a climate chamber with controlled abiotic conditions (esp. temperature).
Day 7:
The worms were removed carefully from their test containers. During this process morphological and behavioural changes and the number of surviving worms in each test container were recorded. Worms were classified as dead when they did not respond to a gentle mechanical stimulus to the front end. The combined weight of surviving worms from each replicate was determined. Afterwards the worms were put back onto the soil surface in the containers.
Day 14:
The worms were removed carefully from the test containers. During this process morphological and behavioural changes and the number of surviving worms in each test container were recorded. Worms were classified as dead when they did not respond to a gentle mechanical stimulus to the front end. The individual weight of the surviving worms from each replicate was determined.
Determination of the pH-value and the moisture of the artificial soil once in each concentration (samples were taken from one test vessel). - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Treatment rates: 100 and 1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil dry weight (dw)
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- chloroacetamide
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- 0.0% mortality was observed at the control and at the concentration of 1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw). 2.5% mortality was observed at the concentration of 100 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw).
Other effects on the morphology and the behaviour of the worms have not been observed. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Reference Test
Dates of work: April 04, - April 18,2006.
Mortality: In the control, 0% of the adult worms died. At the concentrations of 11.2 and 19.3 mg/kg soil (dw) 2.5% mortality was observed. At the concentration of 33.5 mg/kg soil (dw) 60% mortality was observed.
Comments: The LCgo value for the toxic reference item, chloroacetamide, was determined as 31.7 mg/kg. This value is slightly above the historical range of the results of the ECT laboratory (mean LC50 value = 21.7 ± 5.8 mg/kg) but within the upper (36.6 mg/kg ) and lower (12.0 mg/kg) warning limit. The warning limits were calculated as two standard deviations from the historical mean of tine LCso (all calculated using the log concentration: according to Environment Canada 1999). In addition, the LCh value is within the order of magnitude published in scientific literature (EC 1984, Kula 1998). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Biomass data were checked for normal distribution by R/s test procedure and homogeneity by Cochran's test. Treatment means were compared by ANOVA and Student t-test and tested for statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences compared to the control (Sachs 1982).
The statistical software package ToxRat Professional 2.09 was used for these calculations.
Statistical analysis (Student-t test; 2-sided, p s 0.05) showed no significant difference in the biomass development of Individual adults after 14 days between the control and the two concentrations of the test item tested. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC was regarded as ≥ 1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw).
- Executive summary:
Study conducted to OECD Guideline No. 207 for the Testing of Chemicals "Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests" adopted April 4,1984. Deviations: The pH value was slightly higher than required by the guideline. However, the results of the test have not been impacted. Study in compliance with the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and reported with a GLP certificate.
Findings: 0.0% mortality was observed at the control and at the concentration of 1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw). 2.5% mortality was observed at the concentration of 100 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw).
Other effects on the morphology and the behaviour of the worms have not been observed.
The NOEC was regarded as ≥1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw).
Reference
Number and biomass (mg) of the earthworms determined at the beginning, after 7 and 14 days of the test. The concentration is given in mg a.s./kg (SD = Standard Deviation; I = Individual Weight).
Day |
Parameter |
Control |
100 |
1000 |
|||||||||
a |
b |
c |
d |
a |
b |
c |
d |
a |
b |
c |
d |
||
0 |
Weight (I) |
442 |
377 |
394 |
330 |
507 |
473 |
450 |
476 |
423 |
45 |
394 |
451 |
431 |
367 |
387 |
336 |
428 |
447 |
366 |
449 |
486 |
447 |
421 |
387 |
||
463 |
428 |
354 |
354 |
419 |
481 |
340 |
388 |
477 |
375 |
376 |
487 |
||
382 |
504 |
495 |
360 |
366 |
367 |
341 |
345 |
444 |
428 |
426 |
342 |
||
517 |
491 |
370 |
491 |
393 |
417 |
358 |
512 |
525 |
406 |
375 |
389 |
||
437 |
502 |
380 |
351 |
446 |
355 |
360 |
373 |
393 |
361 |
387 |
347 |
||
446 |
422 |
398 |
433 |
465 |
437 |
496 |
356 |
492 |
411 |
390 |
363 |
||
394 |
356 |
355 |
417 |
497 |
434 |
338 |
355 |
443 |
408 |
388 |
410 |
||
425 |
378 |
446 |
352 |
508 |
416 |
413 |
350 |
375 |
432 |
458 |
412 |
||
427 |
352 |
404 |
356 |
377 |
350 |
518 |
352 |
352 |
344 |
378 |
378 |
||
Number Average SD |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
|
436.4 |
417.7 |
398.3 |
378.0 |
439.6 |
417.7 |
398.0 |
395.6 |
441.0 |
407.7 |
399.3 |
396.6 |
||
37.0 |
61.4 |
43.2 |
51.8 |
52.6 |
46.7 |
67.7 |
60.7 |
56.7 |
38.2 |
27.1 |
45.5 |
||
7 |
Weight (sum) |
4564 |
4499 |
4376 |
4366 |
4795 |
3745 |
4420 |
4164 |
4002 |
3677 |
4047 |
4233 |
Number Average |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
|
456.4 |
449.9 |
437.6 |
436.6 |
479.5 |
416.1 |
442.0 |
416.4 |
400.2 |
367.7 |
404.7 |
423.3 |
||
14 |
Weight (I) |
487 |
405 |
352 |
473 |
410 |
444 |
375 |
381 |
418 |
330 |
377 |
371 |
468 |
372 |
378 |
405 |
466 |
464 |
400 |
494 |
523 |
412 |
424 |
404 |
||
455 |
369 |
377 |
346 |
415 |
411 |
394 |
367 |
469 |
391 |
375 |
400 |
||
380 |
450 |
356 |
379 |
400 |
437 |
409 |
365 |
340 |
360 |
402 |
388 |
||
443 |
331 |
378 |
376 |
335 |
450 |
418 |
352 |
310 |
367 |
390 |
375 |
||
405 |
419 |
400 |
482 |
447 |
500 |
420 |
540 |
318 |
354 |
352 |
372 |
||
395 |
475 |
382 |
325 |
412 |
363 |
393 |
465 |
415 |
369 |
446 |
488 |
||
438 |
469 |
388 |
380 |
519 |
442 |
466 |
319 |
408 |
365 |
360 |
378 |
||
378 |
426 |
449 |
411 |
513 |
411 |
454 |
372 |
410 |
344 |
379 |
402 |
||
384 |
417 |
424 |
421 |
495 |
- |
620 |
374 |
407 |
310 |
368 |
516 |
||
Number Average SD |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
|
423.3 |
413.3 |
388.2 |
399.8 |
441.2 |
435.8 |
434.9 |
402.9 |
401.8 |
360.2 |
387.3 |
407.4 |
||
39.8 |
45.9 |
29.6 |
50.1 |
58.0 |
38.3 |
70.7 |
71.2 |
65.9 |
28.9 |
29.3 |
47.6 |
Worm dead
Observations: None
Description of key information
The NOEC was regarded as ≥ 1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
A study has been conducted according to OECD Guideline No. 207 for the Testing of Chemicals "Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests" adopted April 4,1984. Deviations: The pH value was slightly higher than required by the guideline. However, the results of the test have not been impacted. Study in compliance with the Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and reported with a GLP certificate.
Findings: 0.0% mortality was observed at the control and at the concentration of 1000 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw). 2.5% mortality was observed at the concentration of 100 mg a.s./kg artificial soil (dw).
Other effects on the morphology and the behaviour of the worms have not been observed.
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