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EC number: 277-459-0 | CAS number: 73398-89-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 July 2016 to 22 July 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) Test Method)
- Version / remarks:
- 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EU Method B.40 BIS: "In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test"
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3,6-bis(diethylamino)-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]xanthylium tetrachlorozincate
- EC Number:
- 277-459-0
- EC Name:
- 3,6-bis(diethylamino)-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]xanthylium tetrachlorozincate
- Cas Number:
- 73398-89-7
- Molecular formula:
- C29H33N2O3.1/2Cl4Zn
- IUPAC Name:
- bis{3,6-bis(diethylamino)-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]xanthenium} tetrachlorozincate(2-)
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- - Appearance: Greenish powder
- Storage conditions of test material: At room temperature
- Stable until: 10 June 2021 (expiry date)
Constituent 1
In vitro test system
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Justification for test system used:
- Recommended test system in international guidelines
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EpiDerm Skin Model (EPI-200, kit J)
- Tissue batch number(s): Lot no.: 24306
The model consists of normal, human-derived epidermal keratinocytes which have been cultured to form a multilayered, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis. It consists of organised basal, spinous and granular layers, and a multi-layered stratum corneum containing intercellular lamellar lipid layers arranged in patterns analogous to those found in vivo. The EpiDerm tissues (surface 0.6 cm²) were cultured on polycarbonate membranes of 10 mm cell culture inserts.
- Source: MatTek Corporation, Ashland MA, USA
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37.0 ± 1.0 °C
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): 37 °C
CELL CULTURE
- Tissues: On the day of receipt the tissues were kept on agarose and stored in the refrigerator. On the next day, at least one hour before starting the assay the tissues were transferred to 6-well plates with 0.9 mL supplemented DMEM medium (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, serum-free).
- MTT medium: MTT concentrate (5 mg/mL) diluted (1:5) with MTT diluent (supplemented DMEM).
- Environmental conditions: All incubations, with the exception of the test material incubation of 3 minutes at room temperature, were carried out in a controlled environment, in which optimal conditions were a humid atmosphere of 80 to 100 %, containing 5.0 ± 0.5 % CO2 in air in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C.
NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 2 per exposure time
TEST FOR THE INTERFERENCE OF THE TEST MATERIAL WITH THE MTT ENDPOINT
The test material was checked for possible colour interference before the study was started. To assess the colour interference, at least 25 mg or 50 μL Milli-Q water as a negative control were added to 0.3 mL Milli-Q water. The mixture was incubated for approximately 1 hour at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C in the dark. At the end of the exposure time the mixture was shaken and it was checked if a blue / purple colour change was observed.
Since the test material induced colour interference in aqueous conditions, in addition to the normal procedure, two tissues must be treated with test material for 3 minutes and two tissues for 1-hour. Instead of MTT solution these tissues will be incubated with DMEM medium.
TEST FOR REDUCTION OF MTT BY THE TEST MATERIAL
The test material was checked for possible direct MTT reduction before the study was started. To assess the ability of the test material to reduce MTT, at least 25 mg was added to 1 mL MTT solution (1 mg/mL) in phosphate buffered saline. The mixture was incubated for approximately 1 hour at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C. A negative control, sterile Milli-Q water was tested concurrently.
APPLICATION/TREATMENT OF THE TEST MATERIAL
The skin tissues were kept in the refrigerator the day they were received. The next day, at least 1 hour before the assay was started the tissues were transferred to 6-well plates containing 0.9 mL DMEM medium per well. The level of the DMEM medium was just beneath the tissue. The plates were incubated for approximately 2 hours at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C. The medium was replaced with fresh DMEM medium just before the test material was applied. The test was performed on a total of 4 tissues per test material together with a negative control and positive control. Two tissues were used for a 3-minute exposure to the test material and two for a 1-hour exposure. The skin was moistened with 25 μL Milli-Q water to ensure close contact of the test material to the tissue and 25.2 to 28.5 mg of the solid test material was added into the 6-well plates on top of the skin tissues. The remaining tissues were treated with 50 μL Milli-Q water (negative control) and with 50 μL 8 N KOH (positive control), respectively.
In addition to the normal procedure, two tissues were treated with test material for 3 minutes and two tissues for 1-hour. Instead of MTT solution these tissues were incubated with medium. After the exposure period, the tissues were washed with phosphate buffered saline to remove residual test material, however the purple test material was incorporated into the tissue. Rinsed tissues were kept in 24 well plates on 300 μL DMEM medium until 6 tissues (= one application time) were dosed and rinsed.
CELL VIABILITY MEASUREMENT
The DMEM medium was replaced by 300 μL MTT-medium and tissues were incubated for 3 hours at 37 °C in air containing 5 % CO2. After incubation the tissues were washed with PBS and formazan was extracted with 2 mL isopropanol overnight at room temperature. The amount of extracted formazan was determined spectrophotometrically at 570 nm in triplicate with the TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader.
Cell viability was calculated for each tissue as percentage of the mean of the negative control tissues. Skin corrosion potential of the test material was classified according to remaining cell viability following exposure of the test material with either of the two exposure times.
INTERPRETATION
- Acceptability of the assay
The in vitro skin corrosion test is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
a) The absolute mean OD570 of the two tissues of the negative control should reasonably be within the laboratory historical control data range.
b) The mean relative tissue viability following 1-hour exposure to the positive control should be <15 %.
c) In the range 20 to 100 % viability, the Coefficient of Variation (CV) between tissue replicates should be ≤30 %.
d) The non-specific colour should be ≤30 % relative to the negative control OD.
- Data evaluation and statistical procedures
A test material is considered corrosive in the skin corrosion test if:
a) The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 3-minute treatment compared to the negative control tissues is decreased below 50 %.
b) In addition, a test material considered non-corrosive (viability ≥ 50 %) after the 3-minute treatment is considered corrosive if the relative tissue viability after 1-hour treatment with the test material is decreased below 15 %.
A test material is considered non corrosive in the in vitro skin corrosion test if:
a) The relative mean tissue viability obtained after the 3-minute treatment compared to the negative control tissues is not decreased below 50 %.
b) In addition, the relative tissue viability after the 1-hour treatment is not decreased below 15 %. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 25.2 to 28.5 mg of the solid test material was added into the 6-well plates on top of the skin tissues.
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 50 μL Milli-Q water
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 50 μL KOH
- Concentration (if solution): 8 N - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 minutes of exposure and 1 hour of exposure
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- incubated for 3 hours with MTT
- Number of replicates:
- 2 per exposure time
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable because of methodological limitations
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- The test material was checked for colour interference in aqueous conditions and for possible direct MTT reduction by adding the test material to MTT medium. As a purple colour change was observed in aqueous conditions it was concluded that the test material showed colour interference. In addition to the normal procedure, two tissues were treated with test material for 3 minutes and two tissues for 1-hour but instead of MTT solution these tissues were incubated with medium. The non-specific colour by the test material was 49 and 132 % of the negative control tissues after 3-minutes and 1 hour, respectively.
Skin corrosion is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test material. The mean tissue viability of the test material could not be calculated due to the too high non-specific colour.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS
The absolute mean OD570 (optical density at 570 nm) of the negative control tissues was within the laboratory historical control data range. The mean relative tissue viability following the 1 hour exposure to the positive control was 8 %. In the range of 20 - 100 % viability the Coefficient of Variation between tissue replicates was <14 %, indicating that the test system functioned properly.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the non-specific colour was above acceptance criteria therefore the test material is not compatible with the test system and no conclusion can be made on the corrosive potential of the test material.
- Executive summary:
The potential of the test material to cause skin corrosion was assessed in an in vitro skin corrosion test using a human skin model in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 431 and EU Method B.40 BIS under GLP conditions.
Skin tissue was moistened with 25 μL of Milli-Q water and at least 25 mg of test material was applied directly on top of the skin tissue. The test consists of topical application on the skin tissue for 3-minute and 1-hour exposure periods. After exposure the skin tissue is thoroughly rinsed to remove the test material, followed by immediate determination of the cytotoxic (corrosive) effect. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from MTT at the end of the treatment.
The test material showed colour interference. In addition to the normal procedure, two tissues were treated with test material for 3 minutes and two tissues for 1-hour, however instead of MTT solution these tissues were incubated with medium. The non-specific colour by the test material was 49 and 132 % of the negative control tissues after 3-minutes and 1 hour, respectively.
The positive control had a mean relative tissue viability of 8 % after the 1 hour exposure. The absolute mean OD570 (optical density at 570 nm) of the negative control tissues was within the laboratory historical control data range. In the range of 20 - 100 % viability the Coefficient of Variation between tissue replicates was < 14 %, indicating that the test system functioned properly.
Under the conditions of this study, the non-specific colour was above acceptance criteria therefore the test material is not compatible with the test system and no conclusion can be made on the corrosive potential of the test material.
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