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EC number: 273-086-2 | CAS number: 68937-75-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 04 Jan- 08 Jan 1982
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians (U.S. EPA, 1975)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solution was prepared by adding 1.56 g test substance to distilled water and diluting to 1000 mL in a volumetric flask. Subsequently the solution was mixed on a magnetic stirrer for 30 min and then added to each test jar in the required amount. The test medium was also mixed for approximately 2 min.
- Controls: 1
- Evidence of undissolved material: At nominal concentrations of 14, 24 and 40 mg a.s./L the test material was not entirely dissolved. - Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: bluegill sunfish
- Source: Commercial fish supplier in Connecticut (USA)
- Length at study initiation: mean: 34 mm (range 25 - 44 mm, n = 30)
- Weight at study initiation: mean: 0.39 g (range: 0.16 - 0.99 g, n = 30)
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14 d
- Acclimation conditions: same as during test
- Type and amount of food: dry pelleted food, ad libitum
- Feeding frequency: daily except during 48 h prior to test
- Health during acclimation: mortality during the 48 h prior to test - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 49 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 22 ± 1 °C
- pH:
- 6.4 - 7.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 0.3 - 9.4 mg/L (= 3.4 - 100%)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 3.1, 5.2, 8.6, 14, 24 and 40 mg a.s./L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume of test vessel: 19.6 L glass jar containing 15 L test medium
- Aeration: no aeration provided
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1
- No. of vessels per control: 1
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/ 8 h dark
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and sublethal effects every 24 h - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- sodium lauryl sulfate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 22 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conficdence interval: 17 .- 31 mg a.s./L
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: fish were lethargic, respiring repidly and/or at water surface
- Mortality of control: no fish died in the control
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: At nominal concentrations of 14, 24 and 40 mg a.s./L the test material was not entirely dissolved. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - LC50: 12 mg sodium lauryl sulfate/L, confidence interval: 10 - 15 mg/L
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Mortality and sublethal effects of the test substance to fish
Time after test start [h]
Effects
Nominal test concentrations [mg a.s./L]
0
3.1
5.2
8.6
14
24
40
24
m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
r
×
×
×
×
×
×
l
×*
s
f
c
48
m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
r
×
×
×
×
×
×
l
×
×
×
×
s
×
f
c
×
×
×
×
×
×
72
m
0
0
0
0
30
10
20
r
×
×
×
×
×
×
l
×
×
×
×
×
s
×
×
×
f
c
×
×
×
×
×
×
96
m
0
0
0
0
30
50
80
r
×
×
×
×
×
×
l
×
×
×
×
s
×
×
×
f
×
×
×
c
×
×
×
×
×
×
m = mortality [%]
r = all fish were respiring rapidly
l = all fish were lethargic
s = all fish were at the test solutions surface
f = fine white flocculent was observed in the test solution
c = test solution was cloudy
* not all, but 2 fish were lethargic
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 17 Nov - 21 Nov 1977
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA-660/3-75-009, Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians. 1975
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Acute (96h) toxicity test with Lepomis macrochirus conducted under static conditions.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: bluegill sunfish
- Source: commercial hatchery in Nebraska (USA)
- Age at study initiation: 5 months old
- Length at study initiation: mean 34 mm (range 26 - 40 mm)
- Weight at study initiation: mean 0.41 g (range 0.29 - 0.52 g)
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 24 h - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 42 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 23.0 ± 0.5 °C, determined at test start and every 48 h
- pH:
- 5.50 - 7.47, determined initially and every 48 h in the control, 100 mg/L, 32 mg/L and 10 mg/L
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 0.7 - 9.5 mg/L, determined initially and every 48 h in the control, high, medium and low toxicant concentrations
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 5 gallon, chemically clean glass jars containing 15 L test medium
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1
- No. of vessels per control: 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.27 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: water obtained from a well on the Tarrytown site, treated with a Continental Reverse Osmosis water System, afterwards deionised, pH and hardness adjusted.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and sublethal effects - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 15.6 - 22.8 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: Fish exposed to concentrations of 18 mg/L and higher became darkly discoloured, irritated and exhibited sounding initially with surfacing behaviour after 72 h.
- Mortality of control: 0 - Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Mortality of fish [%]
Time after test start [h]
Test substance concentration [mg/L]
0
10
18
32
56
100
24
0
0
0
100
100
100
48
0
0
0
100
100
100
96
0
0
40
100
100
100
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 07 Jun - 11 Jun 1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- according to the Japanese GLP Standard
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0 and 20 mg/L
- Sampling method: 10 mL test solution was sampled directly from each test vessel at test initiation and after 48 hours.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: analysis was conducted immediately after sampling, no storage - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test substance was dissolved in vehicle, and this stock solution was diluted in dilution water and stirred for 1 hour.
- Controls: dilution water with/without vehicle
- Chemical name of vehicle: dimethylformamide
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 0.1 mL/L
- Evidence of undissolved material: not observed - Test organisms (species):
- Oryzias latipes
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Medaka
- Source: Izumoto fish shop
- Length at study initiation: 2.1 cm (2.0 - 2.3 cm)
- Weight at study initiation: 0.19 g (0.16 - 0.21 g)
- Feeding during test: no food
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: > 12 days
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: Tetramin
- Health during acclimation: No mortality was observed during 7 days before exposure. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96
- Hardness:
- 55.2 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 23.3 - 23.9 °C (24 ± 1 °C)
- pH:
- 7.5 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.6 - 8.2 mg/L (more than 60% of saturated oxygen)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentration: 20 mg/L
measured concentration: 16 mg/L (geometric mean) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 5L glass fish tank
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 21*16*23 cm, 5 L
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: once in 48 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1
- No. of vessels per control: 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control: 1
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: charcoal-treated, dechlorinated and aerated tap water in Takarazuka, Japan
- Alkalinity: 55 mg/L
- Ca/Mg ratio: 16/3.3
- Culture medium different from test medium: same as test medium
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH, oxygen content and temperature of test solutions were determined at 0, 24, 48 (both before and after renewal), 72 and 96 hours.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality observed daily
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: 20 mg/L was the maximum concentration to be dissolved uniformly in dilution water with vehicle (0.1 mg/L).
- Range finding study: performed
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.2, 2.0, 20 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no mortality and no toxicity was observed - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- copper sulfate pentahydrate (analytical grade)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: no abnormality was observed
- Observations on body length and weight: not determined
- Other biological observations: no abnormality was observed
- Mortality of control: 0%
- Other adverse effects control: not observed
- Abnormal responses: not observed - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- LC50: 4 mg/L - Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Measured Concentratioin of Decanoic acid
Nominal Concentration
(mg/L)
Measured Concentration (mg/L)
Percent of nominal
0 Hours (new)
48 Hours (old)
Mean
Control
<0.2
<0.2
-
-
Solvent Control
<0.2
<0.2
-
-
20
23
11
16
80
new: Freshly prepared test solutions
old: Test solutions after 48 -hours exposure period
Table 2: Mortality of Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Mean measured concentration (mg/L)
Cumulative Number of Dead Fish
(Percent Mortality)
24 Hours
48 Hours
72 Hours
96 Hours
Control
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Solvent Control
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
16
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to the category justification provided in IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 15.6 - 22.8 mg/L
- Remarks:
- Source: CAS 334-48-5, 1977
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 22 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% conficdence interval: 17 .- 31 mg a.s./L
- Remarks:
- Source: 124-07-2
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Source: CAS 334-48-5, 1999
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Source: CAS 334-48-5, 1999
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
LC50 (96 h) = 18.9 mg/L (nominal), based on mortality of Lepomis macrochirus; RA CAS 334 -48 -5
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 18.9 mg/L
Additional information
No studies investigating the short term toxicity of the substance fatty acids, C8 -10 to fish are available. Therefore, good quality read across data from the two main constituents (decanoic and octanoic acid) of the substance are used. Three studies are available and provide in the frame of a WoE clear indications towards the short term toxicity of the substance on fish.
In the first study conducted with the constituent decanoic acid (1999) Oryzias latipes was exposed in a semi-static system to only one single test item concentration of 20 mg/L (nominal) for 96 h. The experiment was conducted according to OECD guideline 203 and GLP. The test substance was dissolved in 0.1 ml/L dimethylformamide. The concentration of the test item in the solutions was monitored by GC-MS over time. The mean recovery of the test item concentration was 80%. The study showed no effects on the test organism resulting in an LC50 (96 h) of > 16 mg/L (meas., geom. mean). However, this result is very possibly attributed to the low concentration tested, as supported by the further available study, which was performed with higher concentrations of the substance decanoic acid.
In the second available study with the read across substance decanoic acid (1977), Lepomis macrochirus, was exposed for 96 h in a static test regime to higher test concentrations than the first listed study (0 (control), 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L nominal) showing toxicity effects. The study was performed according to EPA-660/3-75-009, Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians (1975) and resulted in an LC50 (96 h) of 18.9 mg/L (nominal).
A further test (1982) is available with the read across substance octanoic acid. The toxicity to Lepomis macrochirus was tested under static conditions according to an EPA-method (1975, Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish macroinvertebrates, and amphibians). Nominal test concentrations of 0 (control), 3.1, 5.2, 8.6, 14, 24 and 40 mg/ L were applied. No analytical monitoring was performed. At all concentrations fish respired rapidly and the test solution was cloudy. In addition at the three highest concentrations, all fish were lethargic. After incubation time of 96 h, an LC50 of 22 mg/L (nominal) was determined.
In conclusion, the sum of the available data for the two main constituents of the substance give clear indications that short term toxicity of fatty acids, C8 -10 on fish is expected at concentrations higher than 18 mg/L.
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