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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 209-062-5 | CAS number: 554-13-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1996-08-14 to 1996-12-6
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 797.1400 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were analyzed for lithium in triplicate using a FLM-AAS method developed and validated by the FMC Corporation. Measured concentrations of lithium carbonate were calculated by multiplying measured lithium concentrations by 5.3240.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- A primary stock solution (5001 mg/L) was prepared by adding 5.0007 g of neat test substance to a 1 L volumetric flask, bringing it to volume with deionized water and sonicating for approximately 50 minutes to ensure homogeneity. Test solutions were prepared by adding appropriate amounts of the primary stock to 9 L volumes of dilution water. A dilution water control was maintained concurrently with the solutions.
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- Rainbow trout used for the test ranged from 34 to 49 mm standard length (mean and standard deviation = 40 +/- 4.4 mm) and from 0.42 to 1.46 g wet weight (mean and standard deviation = 0.77 +/- 0.28 g) as measured from the control fish at test termination. Loading was calculated to be 0.86 g of fish tissue per liter of test solution.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- c(CaCO3)= 74 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 11.0 - 12.5 °C
- pH:
- The pH of the test solutions was affected by the presence of lithium carbonate (i.e., the pH increased as the test substance concentrations increased). The pH values of all test solutions ranged from 8.7 to 10.4 at test initiation and from 6.7 to 9.8 for the remainder of the test.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 11.7 - 12.2 mg/L (> 100 % of saturation)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 5.0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 0.0, 4.99, 10.0, 19.1, 38.9 and 77.7 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- A 96 -hour static range-finding test was conducted at nominal concentrations of 0.10, 1.00, 10.0, 100, and 1000 mg/L, prior to performing the definitive test. Three fish were tested at each concentration. After 96 hours of exposure, mortality of rainbow trout in the range-finding test was 0 % at the test concentrations 0.10, 1.00, and 10.0 mg/L, and 100 % at 100 and 1000 mg/L. Mortality in the control was 0 %. Undissolved compound was observed at 100 mg/L during the range-finding test. Based upon these results, nominal test concentrations of 5.0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L were selected for the definitive test.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 30.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Li2CO3
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 19.1 and 38.9 mg wm/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 19.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Li2CO3
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- The 96-hour LC50 was 30.3 mg/L (based upon mean measured concentrations) with 95 % confidence limits of 19.1 and 38.9 mg/L. The no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) was 19.1 mg/L based on the lack of significant mortality and the absence of sublethal effects at this and lower test concentrations.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The LC50 values were estimated by a computer program using the following statistical methods: moving average angle, probit, logit, and non-linear interpolation. Confidence limits for LC50 values determined by non-linear interpolation were calculated by binomial probability. The method selected for reporting the test results was determined by the characteristics of the data, i.e. the presence or absence of 0 % and 100 % mortality and the number of concentrations in which mortalities between 0 and 100 % occurred.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Mortality of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96 -hour static exposure to lithium carbonate:
Mean Measured Concentration
(mg/L)Cumulative Number Dead (Percent Mortality)
24 Hour
48 Hour
72 Hour
96 Hour
Control
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
4.99
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
10.0
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
19.1
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
38.9
0a
(0)
5
(25)
15
(75)
17
(85)
77.7
8b
(40)
19
(95)
20
(100)
20
(100)
a Two fish exhibited dark coloration.
b Five fish exhibited dark coloration.
Calculated LC50 values, based upon measured concentrations for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed to lithium carbonate under static test conditions:
Exposure Period (Hour)
LC50Valuea
LCLb
UCLc
Slope
Method Used
24
>77.7
-
-
-
-
48
47.6
40.5
56.4
7.81
Probit
72
32.1
19.1
38.9
N/A
Binomial
96
30.3
19.1
38.9
N/A
Binomial
a LC50 values and confidence limits expressed in mg wm/L
b Lower 95 percent confidence limit
c Upper 95 percent confidence limit
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 96-hour LC50 was 30.3 mg lithium carbonate/L (based upon mean measured concentrations) with 95 % confidence limits of 19.1 and 38.9 mg/L. The NOEC was 19.1 mg lithium carbonate/L based on the lack of significant mortality at this and lower test concentrations.
- Executive summary:
A static freshwater toxicity test was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of lithium carbonate to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss according to OECD Guideline 203. Mean measured concentration of lithium carbonate ranged from 4.99 to 77.7 mg /L and from 96 to 100 % of nominal. All test solutions appeared clear and colourless and concentrations remained stable throughout the test. The pH of the test solutions was affected by the presence of lithium carbonate (i.e. the pH increased as the test substance concentrations increased). The pH values of all test solutions ranged from 8.7 to 10.4 at test initiation and from 6.7 to 9.8 for the remainder of the test. Mortality of the rainbow trout exposed for 96 hours to lithium carbonate ranged from 0 % at test concentrations <= 19.1 mg /L to 100 % at 77.7 mg /L. No mortality occurred in the dilution water control. The 96-hour LC50 was 30.3 mg lithium carbonate/L with 95 % confidence limits of 19.1 and 38.9 mg/L. The NOEC of 19.1 mg lithium carbonate/L was based on a lack of significant mortality and the absence of sublethal effects at this and all lower test concentrations. Based on these data, the calculated LC50 for lithium ion was 5.69 mg/L and the NOEC was 3.59 mg/L.
Reference
Description of key information
The 96-hour LC50 was 30.3 mg lithium carbonate/L (based upon mean measured concentrations) with 95 % confidence limits of 19.1 and 38.9 mg/L. The NOEC was 19.1 mg lithium carbonate/L based on the lack of significant mortality at this and lower test concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 30.3 mg/L
Additional information
A static freshwater toxicity test was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of lithium carbonate to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss according to OECD Guideline 203. Mean measured concentration of lithium carbonate ranged from 4.99 to 77.7 mg /L and from 96 to 100 % of nominal. All test solutions appeared clear and colourless and concentrations remained stable throughout the test. The pH of the test solutions was affected by the presence of lithium carbonate (i.e. the pH increased as the test substance concentrations increased). The pH values of all test solutions ranged from 8.7 to 10.4 at test initiation and from 6.7 to 9.8 for the remainder of the test. Mortality of the rainbow trout exposed for 96 hours to lithium carbonate ranged from 0 % at test concentrations <= 19.1 mg /L to 100 % at 77.7 mg /L. No mortality occurred in the dilution water control. The 96-hour LC50 was 30.3 mg lithium carbonate/L with 95 % confidence limits of 19.1 and 38.9 mg/L. The NOEC of 19.1 mg lithium carbonate/L was based on a lack of significant mortality and the absence of sublethal effects at this and all lower test concentrations. Based on these data, the calculated LC50 for lithium ion was 5.69 mg/L and the NOEC was 3.59 mg/L.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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