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EC number: 231-853-9 | CAS number: 7761-88-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Oxidising properties
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- oxidising solids
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-07-14 to 2009-07-22
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part 34.4.1, Test O.1: Test for oxidizing solids
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- 2004-09-06
- Contact with:
- powdered cellulose
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 3 min
- Sample tested:
- 4:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 15 s
- Sample tested:
- 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Remarks:
- mixture of test item/cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 100 s
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (strong oxidising solids) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test item silver nitrate has oxidizing properties and has to be classified to Packing group I in the sense of the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part 34.4.1 (Test O.1).
The test item silver nitrate has oxidizing properties and has to be classified in Category 1 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (“CLP Regulation”). The according hazard statement is “H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser.” - Endpoint:
- oxidising solids
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Tests and Criteria, fifth revised edition, 2009. Additionally particle size distribution was analysed.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Contact with:
- powdered cellulose
- Duration of test (contact time):
- >= 9 - <= 112.6 s
- Sample tested:
- 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 96.16 s
- Sample tested:
- 4:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 12.76 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 3:7 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- other: not applicable
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable because of methodological limitations
- Sample tested:
- reference: 2:3 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 49.76 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 3:2 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 13.32 s
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (strong oxidising solids) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of the test results and according to the criteria specified in the GHS the substance "Silver nitrate - Batch PMC4" is an oxidising solid of Category 1.
- Endpoint:
- oxidising solids
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-06-01 to 2010-06-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: the United Nations Recommendations on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Test O.1.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Contact with:
- powdered cellulose
- Duration of test (contact time):
- >= 20.6 - <= 96 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 3:7 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 97.3 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 2:3 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 38.1 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 2:3 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 14.1 s
- Sample tested:
- 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 89.5 s
- Sample tested:
- 4:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 24.3 s
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (oxidising solids) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- For transport purposes the material Silver Nitrate (as tested in this test) should be classified as an Oxidising Solid of Class 5.1 (Packing Group II) as per UN transport regulations.
The sample Silver Nitrate (as tested in this test) is classified as a category 2 oxidising solid according to CLP. - Endpoint:
- oxidising solids
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-06-01 to 2010-06-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: the United Nations Recommendations on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Test O.1.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Contact with:
- powdered cellulose
- Duration of test (contact time):
- >= 11.3 - <= 65.2 s
- Sample tested:
- 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 61.6 s
- Sample tested:
- 4:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 12.7 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 3:7 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 97.3 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 2:3 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 38.1 s
- Sample tested:
- reference: 3:2 mixture potassium bromate + cellulose
- Parameter:
- mean burning time
- Result:
- 14.1 s
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (strong oxidising solids) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- For transport purposes the material Silver Nitrate (as tested in this test) should be classified as an Oxidising Solid of Class 5.1 (Packing Group I) as per UN transport regulations. The sample Silver Nitrate (as tested in this test) is classified as a category 1 oxidising solid according to CLP.
Referenceopen allclose all
Burning times of potassium bromate/cellulose mixtures
Mixture |
Test 1 t [s] |
Test 2 t [s] |
Test 3 t [s] |
Test 4 t [s] |
Test 5 t [s] |
mean burning time [s] |
3:7 |
128 |
119 |
122 |
129 |
140 |
128 |
2:3 |
64 |
61 |
65 |
69 |
72 |
66 |
3:2 |
19 |
22 |
23 |
22 |
20 |
21 |
Due to the fact that both mixtures of the test item with cellulose (4:1 and 1:1) have lower mean burning times compared to the reference mixture in the ratio 3:7,it is concluded that the test item has oxidizing properties.
Due to the fact that the mean burning time of the mixture of the test item with cellulose in the ratio of 4:1 is also less than the mean burning time of the 3:2 mixture, by mass, of potassium bromate and cellulose the test item has to be classified to Packing group I
If t1 or t2 ≤ R1, then Class 5.1, Packing group III
If t1 or t2 ≤ R2, then Class 5.1, Packing group II
If t1 or t2 < R3, then Class 5.1, Packing group II
The substance "Silver nitrate- Batch PMC 4" (II23/140110/03) fulfils the criteria for Packing Group I, because the mean burning time t2 (12.6s) of the 4:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) is less than the mean burning time R3(13.32s) of the 3:2 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose.
On the basis of the test results and according to the criteria specified in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods the substance "Silver nitrate- batch PMC 4" may be classified as class 5.1, UN-Number 1479, Packaging Group I if the substances will have no subsidiary risk.
On the basis of the test results and according to the criteria specified in the GHS the substance "Silver nitrate - Batch PMC4" is an oxidising solid of Category 1.
Comments:
1:1 burnt steadily with a yellow and green flame with light grey smoke.
4:1 burnt fairly rapidly with a yellow and green flame with light grey smoke.
Note:
The testing was conducted on material ‘as received’ at the request of the client. It is believed by Chilworth Technology Ltd that a repeat of this test with a finer grade sample would result in sufficient reduction of the burning time that the material would fall within Class 5.1 (Packing Group I).
Comments:
1:1 burnt steadily with a yellow and green flame with light grey smoke.
4:1 burnt rapidly with a yellow and green flame with light grey smoke.
Description of key information
Silver nitrate is marketed in the form of aqueous solutions and in the form of solid crystals with various particle size characteristics. Whereas aqueous solutions do not require classification (United Nations, 2003), solid silver nitrate needs to be classified as an oxidising solid. Depending on the particles size, either classification as oxidising solid category 1 or category 2 is required. As a cut-off size between these categories, a D10 of 250 µm is proposed (see discussion).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Oxidising properties:
- oxidising
Additional information
According to Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, silver nitrate is classified as an oxidising solid, category 2 (Index No. 047-001-00-2). The Precious Metals and Rhenium consortium has tried to retrieve the underlying test results for the above mentioned classification but unfortunately they were not available to any PMC Members or its experts.
Initial experimental testing (UN O.1 method) then indicated that at least for some specifications of silver nitrate, a classification as Category 1 would be applicable, and is was hypothesised that particle size could have a significant influence, particularly in respect of the content of very fine particulate fraction. Subsequently, the Precious Metals and Rhenium Consortium has conducted a total of seven experimental tests for oxidising properties (UN O.1 method) with silver nitrate. Various commercial samples were tested, either untreated, after worst-case simulated transport (to model abrasion processes which can produce fine attrition particles), or after actual grinding. An overview of these tests is given in the table below. Robust study summaries are available for four studies and are included in the technical dossier.
Sample description |
D10 |
D50 |
D90 |
Resulting classification category for oxidising solids |
Commercial sample from producer 1, untreated |
329 µm |
491 µm |
727 µm |
Cat. 2 |
Commercial sample from producer 1, after worst-case simulation of transport |
272 µm |
532 µm |
958 µm |
Cat. 2 |
Commercial sample from producer 2, untreated |
254 µm |
421 µm |
677 µm |
Cat. 1 |
Commercial sample from producer 2, after worst-case simulation of transport |
154 µm |
295 µm |
498 µm |
Cat. 1 |
Commercial sample, Batch PMC 4, untreated |
150 µm |
291 µm |
457 µm |
Cat. 1 |
Commercial sample, Batch PMC 4, after grinding |
134 µm |
277 µm |
454 µm |
Cat. 1 |
Commercial sample, Batch PMC 2, untreated |
< 1 mm (not further specified) |
Cat. 1 |
The results of this testing programme show the particles size indeed has an influence on the extent of oxidising properties of silver nitrate. Depending on the particles size, either classification as oxidising solid category 1 or category 2 is required.
As a cut-off size between these categories, a D10 of 250 µm is proposed.
Since fine particles are considered to be the most relevant to oxidising behaviour thresholds in this context, the D10 value (i.e. the particle diameter at which 10% of particle gradation mass is finer than the stated value) has been selected as a categorisation criterion. It is recognised that this threshold has its limitations since it is based on very few data points and there is reliance on only one characteristic. It is therefore used in the absence of a more comprehensive set of influencing parameters. If new and better data become available, the recommended threshold may have to be revised accordingly
Justification for classification or non-classification
Silver nitrate is marketed in the form of aqueous solutions and in the form of solid crystals with various particle size characteristics. Whereas aqueous solutions do not require classification (United Nations, 2003), solid silver nitrate needs to be classified as an oxidising solid. Depending on the particles size, either classification as oxidising solid category 1 or category 2 is required. As a cut-off size between these categories, a D10 of 250 µm is proposed (see discussion).
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