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EC number: 215-233-5 | CAS number: 1314-36-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin Irritation / Corrosion:
Yttrium Oxide is not a dermal irritant.
Eye Irritation / Corrosion:
Yttrium oxide is slightly irritating to the eye but not classified according to EU criteria.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- data not available
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study is described in a brief summary. However, the most important informations are given, so that the study can be judged as scientifically acceptable for the risk assessment. In order to limit animal testing, no other assay was conducted.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: 16CFR 1500-41
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- no data
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS:
- Source, Age at study initiation, Weight at study initiation, Housing, Diet, Water, Acclimation period: data not available
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
- Temperature, Humidity, Air changes, Photoperiod: data not available
IN-LIFE DATES: data not available - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: one intact and one abraded skin site
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- undiluted / 0.5 g
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hour(s)
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE:
- Area of exposure: ca. 2.5 cm²
- % coverage: data not available
- Type of wrap if used: data not available
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE:
- Washing: yes (the test sites were wiped)
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hours
SCORING SYSTEM: according to Draize - Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- other: no relevant because no effect observed
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- There were no signs of dermal irritation. Yttrium oxide is not considered to be a skin irritant.
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Classification: not irritating
- Executive summary:
In a primary dermal irritation study (Lambert CE et al, 1993), 6 New Zealand Albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 g of yttrium oxide (purity unknown) for 24 hours to ca. 2.5 cm² of one intact and one abraded skin site. Test sites were covered with an occlusive dressing for 24 hours. Animals were then observed for 3 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize.
In this study, yttrium oxide is not a dermal irritant.
This skin irritation study is classified as acceptable. It does satisfy the guideline requirement for a skin irritation study (16CFR 1500 -41) in the rabbit
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- data not available
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study is described in a brief summary. However, the most important informations are given, so that the study can be judged as scientifically acceptable for the risk assessment. In order to limit animal testing, no other assay was conducted.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA OPPTS 870.2400 (Acute eye irritation)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- data not available
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS:
- Source, Age at study initiation, Weight at study initiation, Housing, Diet, Water, Acclimation period: data not available
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
- Temperature, Humidity, Air changes, Photoperiod: data not available
IN-LIFE DATES: data not available - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: the right eye of each rabbit was untreated
- Amount / concentration applied:
- undiluted
Amount applied: 0.1 g - Observation period (in vivo):
- 72 hours
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- - Removal of test system: 3 of the treated eyes were rinsed with saline 30 seconds post-instillation
- Scoring system: according to the method of Draize
- Tool used to assess score: data not available - Irritation parameter:
- other: Draize scores
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 3 rabbits
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0.7 - 13
- Max. score:
- 110
- Remarks on result:
- other: Unwashed: 13 (24h) ; 3.7 (48h) ; 0.7 (72h)
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Draize scores
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 3 rabbits
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0 - 9
- Max. score:
- 110
- Remarks on result:
- other: Washed: 9 (24h) ; 2 (48h) ; 0 (72h)
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Yttrium oxide is considered to be mildly and minimally irritating to the unwashed and washed eye respectively.
- Interpretation of results:
- slightly irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- Classification: not irritating
- Executive summary:
In a primary eye irritation study (Lambert CE, 1993), 0.1 g of yttrium oxide (purity unknown) was instilled into the left eye of New Zealand Albino rabbits (6 animals). 3 treated eyes were rinsed after 30 seconds. Animals were then observed for 3 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize.
In this study, yttrium oxide is slightly irritating to the eye, but not classified according to EU criteria.
This eye irritation study is classified as acceptable. It does satisfy the guideline requirement for an eyes irritation study (OPPTS 870.2400) in the rabbit
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Additional information
Skin and eye irritation were tested in vivo by Lambert et al, 1993. The study was evaluated as reliability 2 according to the Klimisch quotation. In a primary dermal irritation study, 6 New Zealand Albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 g of yttrium oxide (purity unknown) for 24 hours to ca. 2.5 cm² of one intact and one abraded skin site. Test sites were covered with an occlusive dressing for 24 hours. Animals then were observed for 3 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize. No relevant irritation was observed and the study concluded that Yttrium Oxide doesn't show any dermal irritation properties. For the eye irritation study part, 0.1 g of yttrium oxide (purity unknown) was instilled into the left eye of New Zealand Albino rabbits (6 animals). 3 treated eyes were rinsed after 30 seconds. Animals then were observed for 3 days. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize, showing slightly irritations but no classification should be proposed according to the criteria of the 12752/2008/EC regulation. |
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
The study is described in a brief summary. However, the most important informations are given, so that the study can be judged as scientifically acceptable for the risk assessment.
In order to limit animal testing, no other assay was conducted.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
The study is described in a brief summary. However, the most important information are given, so that the study can be judged as scientifically acceptable for the risk assessment.
In order to limit animal testing, no other assay was conducted.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Skin irritation: As Yttrium Oxide did not induce any skin irritation effects, it does not need to be classified according to classification criteria of 1272/2008/EC
Eye irritation: Yttrium Oxide is slightly irritating to the eye, but does not need to be classified according to classification criteria of 1272/2008/EC.
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