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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 915-035-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Read-across: exposure to various chromium species. Acceptable, well-documented study report which meets basic scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Mortality and incidence of tumours among ferrochromium workers.
- Author:
- Axelsson, G., R. Rylander, et al.
- Year:
- 1 980
- Bibliographic source:
- Br J Ind Med.37(2): 121-7.
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- carcinogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The health status of 1932 males employed for a minimum of one year between 1930 and 1975 at a Swedish plant producing ferrochromium alloys from chromite ore was analyzed. For the study, cancer deaths and incidences were collected from national registers, and expected deaths and cancer cases were computed using a life table method. No data on smoking habits or chromium exposure measurements were available.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- IUPAC Name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- Details on test material:
- Mainly exposure to metallic and trivalent chromium, but also hexavalent chromium in certain working operations. No details available.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- The health status of all males employed for a minimum of one year between 1930 and 1975 at a Swedish plant producing ferrochromium alloys from chromite ore was analyzed. For the study, cancer deaths and incidences were collected from national registers, and expected deaths and cancer cases were computed using a life table method. No data on smoking habits or chromium exposure measurements were available.
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
- Details on exposure:
- Cr(III) and Cr(VI) exposures were estimated based on recent measurements and discussions with retired workers and foremen employed in the 1930s. The estimated levels were presented as Cr(VI)+Cr(III) or as Cr(VI) mg/m3.
Exposure to Cr(III) was expected to be highest for workers at arc-furnaces, including maintenance personnel and for those working with metal grinding and sample preparation. - Statistical methods:
- For each comparison of expected and observed cancer values two-sided p-values were calculated using the Poisson distribution. p<0.05 considered as significant.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The study results did not show any increase in death rate or in the incidence of cancer among the workers of the ferrochromium plant.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The incidence of tumours and cause of death were investigated among 1932 workers of a ferrochromium plant.The study results did not show any increase in death rate or in the incidence of cancer among the workers . Based on the outcome of this study, it is reasonable to believe that the risk of developing respiratory tumours is considerably less after exposure to trivalent chromium compounds than after exposure to hexavalent chromates.
- Executive summary:
The incidence of tumours and cause of death were investigated among 1932 workers of a ferrochromium plant.The study results did not show any increase in death rate or in the incidence of cancer among the workers . Based on the outcome of this study, it is reasonable to believe that the risk of developing respiratory tumours is considerably less after exposure to trivalent chromium compounds than after exposure to hexavalent chromates.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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