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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 26 November 2008 and 14 January 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted to GLP in compliance with agreed protocols with no deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiences which do not affect the quality of the relevant results
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The test material concentration in the test samples was determined spectrophotometrically using an external standard. The method was developed by the Department of Analytical Services, Harlan Laboratories Ltd, Shardlow, UK. A volume of test sample was diluted with methanol to give a final theoretical concentration of 5 mg/l. Standard solutions of test material were prepared in methanol at a nominal concentration of 5 mg/l.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis:
Room temperature in the dark
Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20°C for further analysis if necessary.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- For the purpose of the definitive test the test material was dissolved directly in reconstituted water. An amount of test material (100 mg) was dissolved in reconstituted water and the volume adjusted to 1 litre to give the 100 mg/I test concentration. The prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity. The concentration and stability of the test material in the test preparations was verified by chemical analysis at 0 and 48 hours
Details of the reconstituted water
Stock Solutions
a) CaCI2.2H20 11.76 g/I
b) MgSO4.7H20 4.93 g/I
c) NaHCO3 2.59 g/I
d) KCI 0.23 g/I
Preparation
An aliquot (25 ml) of each of solutions a-d was added to each litre (final volume) of deionised water with a conductivity of <5 pS cm-l. The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 ± 0.2 adjusted (if necessary) with NaOH or HCI and was aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration was approximately air-saturation value.
The reconstituted water had an approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/I as CaCO3.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water Flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna
- Source: in-house cultures
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Ist instar – less than 24 h
- Method of breeding: Parthenogenises
- Feeding during test Each culture was fed daily with a suspension of algae (Chlorella sp.).
ACCLIMATION
- N/A test organisms derived from in-house cultures
Adult Daphnia were maintained in polypropylene vessels containing approximately 2 litres of reconstituted water in a temperature controlled
room at approximately 20°C. The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and
dusk transition periods.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 +/- 0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Oxygen concentration of test vessels at 0 hours (fresh media) was observed to have an air saturation value (ASV) in excess of 100%
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Based on the results of the range-finding test a "Limit test" was conducted at a concentration of 100 mg/I to confirm that at the maximum concentration given in the OECD/EEC Test Guidelines, no immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were observed
Analysis of the test preparations at 0 and 48 hours showed measured test concentrations to be near nominal and so it was considered justifiable to estimate the EC50 values in terms of the nominal test concentrations only. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL glass jar with 200 mL test preparation, covered
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light : 8 hours dark, 20 minute dawn/dusk periods - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Test media was observed to be dark pink clear throughout duration of tests.
The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 24 and 48 hours exposure was 100 mg/L. The NOEC is based upon no significant immobilsation at this concentration.
Acute toxicity of the test material to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia gave a 48-hour EC50 of greater than 100 mg/L. The NOEC was 100 mg/L - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 3 hour EC50 >3.2 mg/L (value not calculated as less than 50% immobilisation occurred at this time point)
24 hour EC50 0.82 mg/L (95% Confidence Limits 0.71-0.94 mg/L)
48 hour EC50 0.71 mg/L (95% Confidence Limits 0.61-0.81 mg/L)
No Observed Effect Concentration after 24 and 48 hours were 0.32 and 0.32 mg/L respectively. The NOEC is based upon zero immobilisation at this concentration.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure ofDaphnia magnato the test material during the definitive test are shown below
There was no immobilisation in 20 daphnids exposed to a test concentration of 100 mg/I for a period of 48 hours. Inspection of the immobilisation data gave the following results:
Time (h) |
EC50 (mg/I) |
95% Confidence limits (mg/I) |
24 48 |
> 100 > 100 |
‑ ‑ |
The No Observed Effect Concentration after 24 and 48 hours exposure was 100 mg/I. The No Observed Effect Concentration is based upon no significant immobilisation at this concentration.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The detection system was found to have acceptable linearity. The analytical procedure had acceptable recoveries of test material in test medium. A method of analysis was validated and proven to be suitable for use.
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of the test material to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna has been investigated and gave a 48-Hour EC50 of greater than 100 mg/l. Correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was 100 mg/l.
- Executive summary:
In an Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Magnastudy (Harlan project number: 0959/0231) the test material was found to have an EC50 of greater than 100 mg/l. Correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration was 100 mg/l. Testing was performed in accordance with the methods described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (April 2004) No 202,"Daphnia sp, Acute Immobilisation Test" referenced as Method C.2 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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