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EC number: 209-143-5 | CAS number: 556-88-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Waller, Lazochak. 1986. Proposed new standard guide for conducting three brood, renewal toxicity tests with C. dubia. Draft No. 3 American Society for Testing and Materials.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Test substance supplier U.S Naval Ordnance Station
Lot No 985-1
Essay 99.998% - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Water quality and samples for HPLC measurements were taken daily in both replicates of all treatments when the test solutions were renewed
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: in the cases samples could not be analysed immediately following filtration, the filtered samples were stored at 4 °C in amber glass vials fitted with Teflon-lined caps and analyzed within 24 h from the time the samples were originally taken from the test aquaria. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Saturated stock solutions were prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of matrial in aerated diluent water
- Stock solutions were stirred in the dark for 24h at room temperature
- Occasionally the test material was heated to ~30 °C
- All stock solutions were filtered before use to remove particles > 0.45 µm as well as excess reagent crystals in saturated solutions
- All stock solutions were prepared in amber glass containers
- The highest toxicant concentration tested was the solubility limit of the test material in JHU/APL (John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory) well water at the test temperature
- Controls: test solution without nitroguanidine
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF PHOTOLYZED TEST SOLUTION
- Photolyzed nitroguanidine was prepared by exposing the compounds in JHU/APL well water to sunlight (38° 51' N latitude; 76° 31' W longitude) until the parent compound reached non-detectable levels as determined bx periodic HPLC analysis
- A 5L stock solution of 100 mg/l nitroguanidine (measured concentration) was photolyzed in direct sunlight in mid september for a total of 80 h until nitroguanidine could not be detected
- The stock solution of nitroguanidine, which was photolyzed in rectangular glass containers (40 x 58 x 82 cm) with no tops, were covered each evening with black plastic so that the actual number of hours of exposure to sunlight could be calculated
- Light intensity was not estimated by the use of a chemical actinometer - Test organisms (species):
- Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: Crustacea
- Source: Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin - Superior
- Holding Conditions:
- Temperture: 25 +/- 1 °C
- 600 ml glass beakers with 400 ml JHU/APL well water amended with selenium (2 µg Se/l as NaSeO3)
- Feeding: * Food type: mixture of Cerophyl and the green alga, S. capricornutum
* Amount: 120 µg Cerophyl/ml and 6.7x10°s S. capricornutum cells/ml
- Age: neonates < 6 h
- All neonates used in the 7-d survival and reproduction tests were produced by daphnids in culture that had released at least three broods
- Feeding during test
- Food type: mixture of Cerophyl and the green alga, S. capricornutum
- Amount: 120 µg Cerophyl/ml and 6.7x10°s S. capricornutum cells/ml
- Frequency: daily after each 24 h renewal - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- In this test the toxicity of nitroguanidine and photolyzed nitroguanidine was determined in a cladoceran 7-d survival and reproduction test.
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- 190 mg/l (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 25 +/- 1 °C
- pH:
- 7.9 (7.4-8.1)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.9 (7.4-8.1) mg/l
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nitroguanidine:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 260, 430, 720, 1200, 2000 mg/L
- Mean measured concentrations: 0, 260, 440, 730, 1180, 1400 mg/L
> mean measured concentrations were used in the statistical analyses
Photolyzed nitroguanidine:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, 10.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 50 mL glass beakers filled with 30 mL test solution
- Renewal rate of test solution: once daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of broods per replicate: 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source of dilution water: non-chlorinated deep well located at JHU/APL
- Total organic carbon: 19 mg/L
- Metals: all below L.O.D.
- Pesticides: all below L.O.D.
- Chlorine: not chlorinated
- Alkalinity: 156 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Conductivity: 335 µmhos/cm
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: fluorescent light; 60-85 foot candles at the surface of the culture vessels
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and reproduction - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 440 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- neonate production
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 260 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- neonate production
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- photolyzed nitroguanidine
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- of the adults
- Remarks on result:
- other: effect through photolyzed nitroguanidine
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- photolyzed nitroguanidine
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- of the adults
- Remarks on result:
- other: effect through photolyzed nitroguanidine
- Details on results:
- see tables 1 and 2 below
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - Mean measured concentrations were used in the statistical analyses
- Raw daphnid survival data sets were analyzed by Fisher's Exact test
- Raw daphnid reproduction data sets were analyzed by Chi-Square Test for Normality and Steel's Many-One Rank Test
- The statistical tests were performed using SAS (1979) and Toxstat (Gulley et al., 1989)
- A minimum probability level of 0.05 was used for all tests - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- although this study is conducted in accordance to national standard method the validity criteria according to OECD Guideline 211 are fulfilled.
- Conclusions:
- Nitroguanidine:
Significant mortality (alpha = 0.05) to the adults occurred at 1400 mg/l (see table 1). Neonate production was reduced (alpha = 0.05) at all concentrations down to 440 mg/l; no effects occurred at 260 mg/l. The LOEC and NOEC for the cladoceran, based on reduction in neonate production , are 440 and 260 mg/l, respectively.
Therefore, it can be concluded that nitroguanidine is practically non-toxic towards the cladoceran under the conditions of this test.
Photolyzed nitroguanidine:
Significant mortality (alpha = 0.05) to the adults occurred at all nominal test concentrations down to 3.6 mg/L (see table 2). No difference in neonate production relative to the controls occurred at 1.3 and 2.2 mg/L photolyzed nitroguanidine. Neonate production from from 3.6 to 10.0 mg/L photolyzed nitroguanidine were excluded from the statistical analysis because 100 % mortality occurred to the adults at these concentrations. The LOEC and NOEC for the cladoceran, based on survival of the adults are 3.6 and 2.2 mg/L, respectively.
Photolyzis increases the toxicity of nitroguanidine towards the cladoceran by a factor > 100. - Executive summary:
The 7-day-chronic toxicity of nitroguanidine to Ceriodaphnia dubia was studied under static renewal conditions. Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at mean measured concentrations of 0, 260, 440, 730, 1180, and 1400 mg/L and to nominal concentrations of photolyzed nitroguanidine at 0, 1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, and 10.0 mg/L.
For nitroguanidine significant mortality (α= 0.05) to the adults occurred at 1400 mg/L.
Neonate production was reduced (α = 0.05) at all concentrations down to 440 mg/L; no effects occurred at 260 mg/L.
For photolyzed nitroguanidine significant mortality (α= 0.05) to the adults occurred at all nominal test concentrations down to 3.6 mg/L (see table 2). No difference in neonate production relative to the controls occurred at 1.3 and
2.2 mg/L photolyzed nitroguanidine. Neonate production from from 3.6 to 10.0 mg/L photolyzed nitroguanidine were excluded from the statistical analysis because 100 % mortality occurred to the adults at these concentrations.
The nitroguanidine LOEC and NOEC for the cladoceran, based on reduction in neonate production, are 440 and 260 mg/L, respectively. The most sensitive end point was reproduction.
The LOEC and NOEC of photolyzed nitroguanidine for the cladoceran, based on the survival of the adults, were 3.6 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L (nominal concentrations), respectively.
Photolyzed nitroguanidine was approximately two orders of magnitude more toxic to cladoceran than the parent compound under the same test conditions. The environmental fate of nitroguanidine in surface waters has been shown to be dominated by photolysis; thus, photolysis should be considered in an hazard evaluation of nitroguanidine discharged to the aquatic environment.
This study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for a chronic toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.
Reference
Table 1: Cladoceran NQ Chronic Toxicity Data – Survival of Adults, Number of Young produced per Brood, Total Number of Young, and Mean Number of Young per Brood after 7 Days of Exposure
Conc. (mg/L) |
Rep |
Brood No. 1 |
Brood No. 2 |
Brood No. 3 |
Total Young |
Mean Young Per Brood |
Control |
1 |
4 |
0 |
10 |
14 |
7.0 |
|
2 |
3 |
6 |
10 |
19 |
6.3 |
|
3 |
4 |
8 |
12 |
24 |
8.0 |
|
4 |
4 |
8 |
9 |
21 |
7.0 |
|
5 |
3 |
9 |
8 |
20 |
6.7 |
|
6 |
2 |
6 |
12 |
20 |
6.7 |
|
7 |
4 |
7 |
10 |
21 |
7.0 |
|
8 |
3 |
8 |
13 |
24 |
8.0 |
|
9 |
2 |
6 |
11 |
19 |
6.3 |
|
10 |
4 |
6 |
9 |
19 |
6.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
260 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
10 |
18 |
6.0 |
|
2 |
3 |
6 |
12 |
21 |
7.0 |
|
3 |
4 |
9 |
9 |
22 |
7.3 |
|
4 |
3 |
10 |
8 |
21 |
7.0 |
|
5 |
4 |
0 |
13 |
17 |
8.5 |
|
6 |
0 |
3 |
14 |
17 |
8.5 |
|
7 |
4 |
6 |
11 |
21 |
7.0 |
|
8 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
4 |
2 |
14 |
20 |
6.7 |
|
10 |
4 |
4 |
16 |
24 |
8.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
440 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
8 |
4.0 |
|
2 |
0 |
2 |
7 |
9 |
4.5 |
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
4.0 |
|
4 |
0 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
3.5 |
|
5 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
7 |
3.5 |
|
6 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
8 |
4.0 |
|
7 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
9 |
4.5 |
|
8 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
4 |
4.0 |
|
9 |
0 |
3 |
6 |
9 |
4.5 |
|
10 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
730 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2.0 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
4.0 |
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
6.0 |
|
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
5.0 |
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2.0 |
|
6 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
3.0 |
|
7 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
3.0 |
|
8 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1.0 |
|
9 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
3.0 |
|
10 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1180 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1400 |
1 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
DEAD |
|
|
|
|
Table 2: Cladoceran photolyzed nitroguanidine*chronic toxicity test – results of Fisher’s Exact Test on adult survival after 7 days of exposure
Concentration of photolyzed nitroguanidine [mg/L] |
Number Alive |
Number Dead |
Critical Value |
b Value |
Sogn |
Control |
10 |
0 |
|
|
|
1.3 |
10 |
0 |
6 |
10 |
|
2.2 |
9 |
1 |
6 |
9 |
|
3.6 |
0 |
10 |
6 |
0 |
* |
6.0 |
0 |
10 |
6 |
0 |
* |
10.0 |
0 |
10 |
6 |
0 |
* |
* Significantly different at alpha = 0.05
Description of key information
The nitroguanidine LOEC (7 d) and NOEC (7 d) for the cladoceran, based on reduction in neonate production (most sensitive endpoint), are 440 and 260 mg/L, respectively. The LOEC (7 d) and NOEC (7 d) of photolyzed nitroguanidine for the cladoceran, based on the survival of the adults, were 3.6 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L (nominal concentrations), respectively. Photolyzed nitroguanidine was approximately two orders of magnitude more toxic to cladoceran than the parent compound under the same test conditions.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- 2.2 mg/L
Additional information
The 7-day-chronic toxicity of nitroguanidine to Ceriodaphnia dubia was studied under static renewal conditions. Daphnids were exposed to nitroguanidine at mean measured concentrations of 0, 260, 440, 730, 1180, and 1400 mg/L and to nominal concentrations of photolyzed nitroguanidine at 0, 1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, and 10.0 mg/L.
For nitroguanidine significant mortality (α= 0.05) to the adults occurred at 1400 mg/L.
Neonate production was reduced (α = 0.05) at all concentrations down to 440 mg/L; no effects occurred at 260 mg/L.
For photolyzed nitroguanidine significant mortality (α= 0.05) to the adults occurred at all nominal test concentrations down to 3.6 mg/L. No difference in neonate production relative to the controls occurred at 1.3 and 2.2 mg/L photolyzed nitroguanidine. Neonate production from from 3.6 to 10.0 mg/L photolyzed nitroguanidine were excluded from the statistical analysis because 100 % mortality occurred to the adults at these concentrations.
The nitroguanidine LOEC and NOEC for the cladoceran, based on reduction in neonate production, are 440 and 260 mg/L, respectively. The most sensitive end point was reproduction.
The LOEC and NOEC of photolyzed nitroguanidine for the cladoceran, based on the survival of the adults, were 3.6 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L (nominal concentrations), respectively.
Photolyzed nitroguanidine was approximately two orders of magnitude more toxic to cladoceran than the parent compound under the same test conditions.
Table 1: Study synopsis
Guideline Test Type |
Species |
Effect Concentration (mg/L) |
Reference |
Reliability |
Goodman, 1986. Proposed new standard guide for conducting early life-stage toxicity tests with fishes.Draft No. 10. American Society for Testing and Materials. |
Ceriodaphnia dubia |
Nitroguanidine: LOEC (7d) = 440 mg/L NOEC (7d) = 260 mg/L photolyzed Nitroguanidine: LOEC (7d) = 3.6 mg/L NOEC (7d) = 2.2 mg/L |
Burton, D.T.; Peters, G.T.; University of Maryland; 1993 |
Reliable with restrictions |
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.