Piperidine

Endpoint summary

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish

The key study was performed according to DIN 38 412 with Leuciscus idus over 96h by BASF AG (1987, report no. 10F0180/875094). The non-GLP study was consistent with all validity criteria of the guideline. Test concentrations were not analytically verified in the static toxicity test. The 96-h LC50 was determined to be 68.12 mg/L (geometric mean, nominal, not pH-adjusted). All fish died in the highest test concentration of 100 mg/L without pH-adjustment, while there was no mortality observed after the pH-adjustment of the highest test concentration (100 mg/L). Hence, the substance is with high probability acutely not harmful to fish.

 

Long-term toxicity to fish

A long-term study on fish was waived.

 

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

The key study, was performed according to OECD guideline 202 (BASF SE, 2013, report no. 50E0108/09X103). The GLP study was consistent with all validity criteria of the guideline. The nominal concentrations were verified by analytical monitoring during the test. The EC50 value after 48h was determined to be 19.0 mg/L (95% CL: 17.6 - 20.7 mg/L; measured, geometric mean). Hence, the test substance is acutely harmful to aquatic invertebrates.

 

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

The 21-d NOEC (reproduction) for aquatic invertebrates was determined to be 3.8 mg/L (Daphnia magna, OECD 211, GLP; BASF, 2013). The effect values are related to nominal concentrations, due to the uncertainties regarding the applied analytical method. To support the key study, three long-term toxicity studies with Daphnia magna and structurally similar substances were used for a read-across approach (OECD 211, GLP-guideline studies, all studies were performed with analytical verification of test item concentrations):

 

- Ethylpiperidine (CAS 766-09-6): 21-d NOEC = 2.2 mg/L (BASF SE, 2013, 51E0721/11E121)

- Morpholine (CAS 110-91-8): 21-d NOEC = 5 mg/L (NITE, 1997, 91768)

- Piperazine (CAS 110-85-0): 21-d NOEC = 12.5 mg/L (AkzoNobel/Thomas et al., 2002)

 

Based on this data, the 21-d NOEC of 3.8 mg/L determined for piperidine seems to be reliable even with some analytical uncertainties in the test.

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

The EC50 for aquatic algae and cyanobacteria (Desmodesmus subspicatus) was determined to be 106 mg/L, the EC10 8.25 mg/L (BASF SE, 2013; report no. 60E0108/09X102). 

The key study was performed according to Commission Regulation EC No 761/2009 C.3 (BASF SE, 2013, report no. 60E0108/09X102). The GLP study was consistent with all validity criteria of the guideline. The nominal concentrations were verified by analytical monitoring during the test. The ECx values for growth rate were determined to be 8.25 mg(L (EC10) and 106 mg/L (EC50). Hence, the test substance is with high probability not acutely harmful to freshwater algae.

 

Toxicity to microorganisms

No relevant data are available for the toxicity of piperidine to microorganisms. Therefore, to cover this endpoint a read-across approach was made to the structurally similar substance 1-methylpiperidine (CAS 626-67-5). In this key study, the toxicity to microorganisms was determined in a short-term respiration test following OECD guideline 209 using domestic activated sludge. After 30 min the NOEC was 1000 mg/L based on nominal concentrations (BASF, 1991, report no. 01.91/0271/08/1).

Based on the read-across data, it can be concluded that the inhibition of the degradation activity of activated sludge is not anticipated when introduced in appropriately low concentrations.