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EC number: 439-590-3 | CAS number: 12158-75-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1992
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: U.S. EPA Standard Methods
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Copper dinitrate
- EC Number:
- 221-838-5
- EC Name:
- Copper dinitrate
- Cas Number:
- 3251-23-8
- Molecular formula:
- Cu.2HNO3
- IUPAC Name:
- copper nitrate
- Details on test material:
- formula: Cu(NO3)2.3H2O
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
- Tests were conducted in very hard reconstructed water(VHRW; hardness 280-300 mg/L as CaCO3; alkalinity 225-245 mg/L as CaCO3). Chemical stock solutions were prepared in Millipore (Mill-Q Corp., Bedford, MA) water.
Stock and dilution water solutions were arjusted to the desired pH (6.25 and 7.5, with 8.25 remaining unadjusted) using analytical-grade HCl.
Test concentrations were prepared using a 50% dilution series with VHRW also adjusted to the target pH. Duplicate 30-mL aliquots at each concentrationwere dispensed into 30-ml polypropylene cups and sealed with 35-mm polystyrene culture dish bottoms as lids to prevent headspace gas exchange and thus provide pH control for tests conducted at pH values 6.25 and 7.25. The tests conducted at 8.25 were left unsealed, as the ambiant pH of VHRW is 8.25 to 8.5.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Details on test organisms:
- Test organisms were cultured at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) laboratory in Duluth, Minnesota. Age of organisms at time of testion was <= 48 hours.
Study design
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 280-300 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25°C
- pH:
- 6.25 - 7.25 and 8.25
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved oxygen was measuread at test termination and was never below 5 mg/L (60% saturation).
- Salinity:
- Alkalinity was 225-245 mg/L as CaCO3
- Details on test conditions:
- All tests were conducted in duplicate or triplicate, using five organisms per replicate at a constant temperature (25°C) and photoperiod (16:8 h lght:dark).
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 200 other: µg Cu/L at pH = 8.25
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 150-270
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 28 other: µg Cu/L at pH = 7.25
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 19-41
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 9.5 other: µg Cu/L at pH = 6.25
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 7.0-13
- Details on results:
- Copper toxicity was greater at the lowest than at the highest pH. These results are supported by both theoretical and empirical studies. Campbell and Stokes (Acidification and toxicity of metals to aquatic biota - 1985) predicted total Copper to be more toxic at lower pH due to the greater concentration of free ions available to cause Copper toxicity at the cellular level, combined with the decreased effect of Copper ions at lower pH. Toxicity tests conducted with ceriodaphnia and bioaccumulation studies also indicated increase bioavailability at lower pH values. The high susceptibility of Copper to complexation by inorganic and organic ligands may be a more determinative factor than pH in predicting the toxicity of Copper.
Since Copper nitrate is more water soluble than Copper hydroxide nitrate, test provides a conservative estimate of the acute aquatic toxicity of Basic Copper Nitrate.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the 48-hour LC50 value for Copper, using Ceriodaphnia dubia, was 200 µg Cu/L. Based on a content of 53% Copper in Basic Copper Nitrate, the 48-hour LC50 value for this substance is estimated to be 377 µg/L.
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