Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 201-368-7 | CAS number: 81-64-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
There are no toxicokinetic studies available.
Therefore a toxicokinetic assessment was prepared based on the physico-chemical properties of the substance and the available toxicological studies.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- low bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
Toxikokinetics of chinizarin (1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone, CAS no 81-64-1):
Physicochemical data as well as toxicological studies indicate a low bioaccumulation potential of 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (CAS no 81-64-1).
1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone is an organic solid of yellow red or dark red colour. The substance is an anthraquinone derivative with 2 hydroxyl groups in 1,4 position. The molecular weight is 240.2 g/mol. The determined melting points were in the range of 187 - 202°C and the vapour pressure of the substance is 0.000133 Pa at 25°C. The experimental determined pKa value for the substance was 9.51 at 18°C. Based upon its pKa, the substance exists mainly in its non-dissociated form at pH (1 -9).
1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone has a water solubility of 0.0961 mg/L at 25°C and the average partition coefficient (log Pow) was determined to be 4.2 at 25 °C (pH 5.3). Substances with a log Pow > 4 are not favourable regarding oral/GI absorption, respiratory absorption and dermal absorption. Absorption via micellular solubilisation cannot be excluded in the GI tract and the respiratory tract based on the high lipophilicity and low water solubility.
In 3 acute oral toxicity studies a LD50 > 5000 mg/kg bw was found. None of the animals died at a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg bw. Signs of intoxication were a decrease of the general condition. In the acute dermal toxicity study none of the animals died after application of 2500 mg 1,4-dhihydroxy-anthraquinone. No signs of intoxication were observed. No study for acute inhalaton toxicity is available.
No studies are available for repeated dose toxicity (sub-acute, sub-chronic, chronic and carcinogenicity) and toxicity to reproduction.
In all available studies for skin irritation/corrosion and eye irritation, 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone was not irritating. In a guinea pig maximization test, 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone was not sensitising.
1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone was positive in the Ames tests in some strains with and without metabolic activation. 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone was positive in a chromosomal aberration test in CHL/IU cells with and without metabolic activation. In an in-vitro MNT 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone was positive in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. In these key-studies, therefore no indication for a metabolic transformation or degradation of 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone was found.
Taken together, there were no relevant adverse effects of 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone for acute oral and dermal toxicity in male and female rats up to 5000 mg/kg bw for oral toxicity and 2500 mg/kg bw for dermal toxicity. Based on the low vapour pressure of the substance, exposure via inhalation is unlikely.
Overall, based on the physicochemical date, very low water solubility and high octanol-water partition coefficient and based on the acute toxicological studies, limited absorption and a low bioaccumulation potential can be expected of 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.