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EC number: 202-257-6 | CAS number: 93-55-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biotransformation of aliphatic and aromatic ketones, including several monoterpenoid ketones and their derivatives by five species of marine microalgae.
- Author:
- Hook I.L., Ryan S. and Sheridan. H.
- Year:
- 2 003
- Bibliographic source:
- Phytochemistry 63 (2003) 31–36
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The biotransformation of a series of aromatic ketones related to acetophenone by five cultures of photosynthetic microalgae is reported.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of study / information:
- The biotransformation of a series of aromatic ketones related to acetophenone by five cultures of photosynthetic microalgae is reported.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-phenylethanone
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-phenylethanone
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Acetophenone was reduced to the corresponding alcohol by all of the test cultures within the five day period with P. purpureum and N. atomus being the most effective and D. parva being the least effective. In the case of P. purpureum the biotransformation was 90 % completed after 2 days. N. atomus, C. minutissima and I. galbana had undergone 50 % reduction of substrate after 4 days. For D. parva a maximum reduction of only 21 % was obtained after 5 days however, this organism exhibited the greatest stereoselectivity in the reduction of the substrate with an enantiomeric excess of 29.5 % of the the S-(-)-isomer being produced. C. minutissima also demonstrated stereoselectivity in the reduction of this substrate but with maximum excess of 14.8 % of the S-(-)- isomer being produced. The enantiomeric excess of the product produced by the other algal species was < 1 %.
The 4-chloro and 4- methyl derivatives of acetophenone were also reduced to the corresponding alcohols with 4-Cl-Acetophenone being reduced most effectively by I. galbana. 4-Methyl acetophenone was most effectively reduced by P. purpureum. Examination of the products of reduction of this series of compounds showed that some stereoselectivity was demonstrated in the reduction of 4-Cl-Acetophenone and 4-CH3-Acetophenone by D. parva with excess of the S-(-)-isomer being shown.
It is interesting to note that neither 4- hydroxy acetophenone or benzophenone were reduced by any of these cultures. A study of the biotransformation of similar substrates by Euglena has also shown stereoselective reduction of many aromatic keto substrates with an excess of the S-()-isomer being produced. In most cases there was no reduction of hydroxyacetophenones, however benzophenone was biotransformed to benzhydrol (87 %) within 4 days (Shimoda et al., 1998).
Biotransformation (%) of the substance by test microalgae and the enantiomeric excess (e.e) of products formed after a 5 day incubation period
Organism (%) compound biotransformed | C. minutissima | N. atomus | D. parva | P. purpureum | I. galbana |
Acetophenone | 65 (14.88 e.e) | 90 | 21 (29.52 e.e) | 97 | 64 |
4-Cl-Acetophenone | 36 | 28 | 21 | 53 | 99 |
4-CH3-Acetophenone | 60 | 66 | 35 | 75 | 4 |
4-OH-Acetophenone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Benzophenone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The substance is reduced to the corresponding alcohols by 5 different microalgae in a different degree in a 5 day incubation period.
- Executive summary:
The biotransformation of the aliphatic ketones was assessed; the reduction of acetophenone and of a series of aromatic ketones related to acetophenone was investigated.
Acetophenone was reduced to the corresponding alcohol by all of the test cultures within the five day period with P. purpureum and N. atomus being the most effective and D. parva being the least effective. In the case of P. purpureumthe biotransformation was 90 % completed after 2 days. N. atomus, C. minutissima and I. galbana had undergone 50 % reduction of substrate after 4 days. For D. parvaa maximum reduction of only 21 % was obtained after 5 days however, this organism exhibited the greatest stereoselectivity in the reduction of the substrate with an enantiomeric excess of 29.5 % of the the S-(-)-isomer being produced. C. minutissima also demonstrated stereoselectivity in the reduction of this substrate but with maximum excess of 14.8 % of the S-(-)- isomer being produced. The enantiomeric excess of the product produced by the other algal species was < 1 %.
Reduction of the acetophenone derivatives has also been observed.
Conclusion
The substance is reduced to the corresponding alcohols by 5 different microalgae in a 5 day incubation period.
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