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EC number: 201-066-5 | CAS number: 77-89-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-07-22 - 2010-11-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- None
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No surrogate or analogue material was used. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method/ concentrations: Approximately 50 mg test item were diluted with 50 mL acetonitrile to obtain stock solutions of 1 g test item/L. Appropriate amounts of these stock solutions were diluted with test water to obtain fortified samples at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg test item/L.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored in a freezer (< - 10 °C), protected from light until analysis was performed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Controls: Test water without addition of the test item
Stock Solution: The test item was used to prepare the stock solution. 49.9 mg of the test item were diluted with 50 mL of acetonitrile to obtain a stock solution of approximately 1 g test item/L.
Standard Solutions: Appropriate amounts of the stock solution were diluted with a mixture
of acetonitrile/test water (50/50) to obtain standard solutions in the range from 2.5 to 75 mg test item/L. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: (Straus), clone 5
- Sex: Female
- Source: In-house laboratory culture
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): From 5.75 to 21.75 hours old
- Method of breeding: The Daphnia were bred in the laboratories of the testing facility under similar temperature and light conditions as used in the test. The cultivation of the parental Daphnia was performed in reconstituted water of a similar quality with regards to pH, the constituent salts and total hardness as the test water used in the test. The test organisms were not first brood progeny.
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) freshly grown in the laboratories of the testing facility.
- Frequency: Once a week the Daphnia in the stock culture were fed at least all working days.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Acclimatisation was not necessary, since the test was performed in the same medium as the culturing. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period is described.
- Hardness:
- 2.5 mmol/L (= 250 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 °C at test start, 20 °C at test end (water temperature)
- pH:
- 7.7 to 7.8 at test start, 7.8 at test end; and thus the pH-value did not vary by more than 1.5 units
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.7 mg/L at test start; 8.1 to 8.3 mg/L at test end
- Salinity:
- No details available.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The only concentration tested was nominal 100 mg test item/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass beakers
- Type: closed
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): one
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): one
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: In deionised water analytical grade salts and additives were added (main components are CaCl*2 H2O, MgSO4*7 H2O, KCl, NaHCO3, Na2SiO3*9 H2O, NaNO3, KH2PO4 and K2HPO4).
- Alkalinity: 0.9 mmol/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: The light intensity was 1000- 1100 lux (measured once during the test).
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
The only test concentration of 100 mg test item/L was prepared by dissolving 104 mg test item into 1040 mL test water by intense stirring for 90 minutes. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Signs of intoxication after 24 hours: After 24 hours in the control and in the only test concentration of nominal 100 mg test item/L no immobilisation of the test animals was observed.
Signs of intoxication after 48 hours: Also after 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and in the only test concentration of nominal 100 mg test item/L.
Appearance of the test item in test water: No remarkable observations. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In the most recent test with the reference item potassium dichromate performed in January 2010 the EC50 after 24 hours was determined to be 1.59 mg test item/L indicating that the sensitivity of the Daphnia was consistent with the level proposed by the OECD 202 guideline (EC50-24 h between 0.6 and 2.1 mg potassium dichromate/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No statistical analysis was performed.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- All validity criteria of the test method were met.
- Conclusions:
- The LOEC (48h) and the EC50 (48h) were determined to be > 100 mg test item/L, the NOEC (48h) was determined to be ≥ 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
- The acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of 'triethyl O-acetylcitrate' was tested according to OECD Guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 in a static 48-hour immobilisation limit test with Daphnia magna STRAUS as test organisms (Boettcher M., Wydra V., 2010). The study was conducted under certificated GLP compliance. The only concentration tested was nominal 100 mg test item/L. Additionally a control was tested in parallel (test water without addition of the test item). Thus a limit test was performed in accordance with OECD Guideline 202 to demonstrate that the test item has no toxic effect on the test animals up to this concentration. The immobility of the Daphnia (20 Daphnia per control and test concentration) was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours, those animals not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker were considered to be immobile (even if they could still move their antennae). After 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and in the only test concentration of nominal 100 mg/L. The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be ≥ 100 mg test item/L. The 48-hour LOEC was determined to be > 100 mg test item/L The 48-hour EC50 value was determined to be > 100 mg test item/L.
Reference
Validity criteria of the study
Control Immobilisation Rate: Was 0 % and furthermore no Daphnia showed signs of disease or stress; thus the validity criterion was met.
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration: Was > 8.1 mg O2/L in the control and test vessels at the end of the test; thus validity criterion was met.
Analytical results
At the start of the test 109 % of the nominal test concentration was found. After 48 hours test duration, 94 % of the nominal value was determined. During the test the Daphnia were exposed to a mean of 101 % of nominal. Therefore, all reported results refer to nominal concentrations.
Description of key information
Daphnia magna:
Effect based on mobility: EC50 (48h) > 100 mg/L, NOEC (48h) ≥100 mg/L, LOEC (48h) > 100 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of 'triethyl O-acetylcitrate' was tested according to OECD Guideline 202 and EU Method C.2 in a static 48-hour immobilisation limit test with Daphnia magna STRAUS as test organisms (Boettcher M., Wydra V., 2010). The study was conducted under certificated GLP compliance. The only concentration tested was nominal 100 mg test item/L. Additionally a control was tested in parallel (test water without addition of the test item). Thus a limit test was performed in accordance with OECD Guideline 202 to demonstrate that the test item has no toxic effect on the test animals up to this concentration. The immobility of the Daphnia (20 Daphnia per control and test concentration) was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours, those animals not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker were considered to be immobile (even if they could still move their antennae). After 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and in the only test concentration of nominal 100 mg/L. The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be > 100 mg test item/L. The 48-hour LOEC was determined to be > 100 mg test item/L The 48-hour EC50 value was determined to be > 100 mg test item/L.
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