Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 481-730-0 | CAS number: 848301-65-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: scientifically acceptable method
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: migrated from IUCLID 5.6
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- For the estimation/calculation the percentages by weight and the mean percentages of branching have been used to determine a composition of a typical sample of the substance 'Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-C10 - branched and linear'. This composition has been used as the basis for modelling biodegradability.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable (estimated by calculation)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable - Oxygen conditions:
- other: not applicable (QSAR)
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: not applicable (QSAR)
- Details on inoculum:
- not applicable (QSAR)
- Duration of test (contact time):
- ca. 28 d
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: Calculation of "ready biodegradability"
- Details on study design:
- not applicable (QSAR)
- Reference substance:
- other: not applicable (QSAR)
- Preliminary study:
- not applicable (QSAR)
- Test performance:
- not applicable (QSAR)
- Parameter:
- other: calculation
- Value:
- > 60
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 67.5% of test substance is predicted to be readily biodegradable and passing the 10-day window ; 22.5% of test substance is predicted to be readily biodegradable but not passing the 10-day window and 10% would be inherently biodegradable.
- Details on results:
- The biodegradability of the chemical components of the substance has been predicted in accordance with the methods described in 'Principles of method if other than guideline'. The results of applying these methods to a typical composition show that 67.5% of the mass of the substance would be considered readily biodegradable, passing the 10-day window (RB10), 22.5% would be readily biodegradable not passing the 10-day window (RBN) and 10% would be inherently biodegradable (INH).
- Results with reference substance:
- not applicable (QSAR)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- A reasonable conclusion that can be drawn is that, Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear, should be considered to be readily biodegradable. The substance would therefore be classed 'readily biodegradable'.
Test data found in the literature support this conclusion: Biodegradation studies are available for two related substances. Biodegradation studies of Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated light (CAS No. 64742-49-0) reported 89% and 98% degraded in 28 days. The study was conducted to OECD Guideline 301F (CEFIC-HSPA 2002). A biodegradation study of Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy (CAS No. 64742-48-9 reported 10% degraded in 28 days. This was a closed bottle study, not appropriate to poorly soluble substances (Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc.1988).
Moreover, measured data for representative individual components, e.g. hexane (confidential IUCLID), 2-methylpentane (confidential IUCLID), 2-methylbutane (Solano-Serena, 2000) and n-decane (Verschueren, 1983; Wakeham, 1986) are also in agreement with the degradabilities that have been assigned when predicting the biodegradability of the substance. It should be noted that the original study reports have not been reviewed. - Executive summary:
QSAR calculations were performed to estimate the biodegradability of the test substance. A reasonable conclusion that can be drawn is that, Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear, should be considered to be readily biodegradable.
Test data found in the literature support this conclusion: Biodegradation studies are available for two related substances. Biodegradation studies of Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated light (CAS No. 64742-49-0) reported 89% and 98% degraded in 28 days. The study was conducted to OECD Guideline 301F (CEFIC-HSPA 2002). A biodegradation study of Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy (CAS No. 64742-48-9 reported 10% degraded in 28 days. This was a closed bottle study, not appropriate to poorly soluble substances (Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc.1988). Moreover, measured data for representative individual components, e.g. hexane (confidential IUCLID), 2-methylpentane (confidential IUCLID), 2-methylbutane (Solano-Serena, 2000) and n-decane (Verschueren, 1983; Wakeham, 1986) are also in agreement with the degradabilities that have been assigned when predicting the biodegradability of the substance. It should be noted that the original study reports have not been reviewed.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The rational for the analogue approach is the high structural similarity between source and target substance. Both substances, ‘Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear’ and ‘Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated light’ belong to a class of chemicals that is comprised almost entirely of aliphatic constituents. The only functional groups are alkyl side chains, which are found on most if not all constituents other than the n-alkanes. Both substances contain of the same types of hydrocarbon constituents, which are variable in carbon chain length. ‘Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear’ is a complex UVCB containing normal and iso-paraffins of chain length C4-C10, while ‘Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated light’ (CAS 64742-49-0; EC 265-151-9) consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C4 through C11.
Due to the similarities in structure, composition and functional groups, similar physico-chemical properties of the substances are to be expected, which would result in similar toxicokinetic behaviour and most likely also in very similar toxicodynamic and toxicological behaviour. Due to their overlapping hydrocarbon constituent profile, using data from this related substance is reasonable.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Source and target chemicals are mixed liquids of which the primary constituents are straight chain (n-), branched chain (iso-), and cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons or combinations thereof. Cyclic hydrocarbons, if present, represent less than 5% of the total volume of the target substance ‘Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear’ (CAS 848301-65-5; EC 481-730-0). The source chemical ‘Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated light’ (CAS 64742-49-0; EC 265-151-9) contains a higher level of cycloparaffins (C6 cycloalkane 28%; C7 cycloalkane 10%) and 53% C7 iso-paraffins (compare table 1).
Both chemicals are UVCB substances for which it is not possible to provide a molecular formula, molecular weight, SMILES codes or an extent of impurities. The main general molecular formula is CnH(2n+2).
Table 1: Composition of ‘Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear’
Compound Target:
Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch)
Butane (C4) 0-2%
Pentane (C5) 5-15%
n-Hexane (C6) 10-30%
Heptane (C7) 10-30%
Octane (C8) 10-30%
Nonane (C9) 2-10%
Decane (C10) 0-2%
Undecane (C11) n.a.
Branched paraffins 20-40%
> C10 branched and linear paraffins 0-10%
Cyclic hydrocarbons 0-5%
Aromatic hydrocarbons 0-2%
Olefins 0-1%
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Due to the above-mentioned similarities of source and target chemical, with regard to their structure, functional groups, composition, toxicokinetic and toxicological behaviour, it can be reasonably concluded that a similar behaviour can be expected.
Based on their analogue chemical profiles, the toxicity will not be significantly different among them.
4. DATA MATRIX
Both, target and source substance, are readily biodegradable. They are also concluded to not qualify as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), or very persistent, very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substances. Hydrocarbon molecules in this range are not well absorbed from the intestinal tract and very poorly absorbed through the skin. However, once absorbed, these molecules are relatively rapidly metabolized and excreted.
Table 2: Physical and chemical properties
Physical/chemical properties Target: Source:
Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated light
C4-10 - branched and linear
Physical state at 25°C Liquid Liquid
Carbon number range C4-C10 C4-C11
Colour Colourless Colourless
Boiling temperature range 62°C to 181°C 20°C to 190°C
Solubility in organic solvents Substance is an organic solvent Substance is an organic solvent
Explosivity Not explosive Not explosive
Oxidising potential No No
Stability in organic solvents Stable Stable
Water solubility Insoluble Insoluble - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Test performance:
- None
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 98
- St. dev.:
- 12
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 83
- St. dev.:
- 16
- Sampling time:
- 10 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Biodegradation at the end of the "10 day window"
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
- 98% ThOD (28 days); < 60 % ThOD (10 days) [OECD 301; read-across substance: "Naphtha (petroleum), hydrated light"
- readily biodegradable [QSAR, "Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear"]
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear is considered to be readily biodegradable based on a read-across study with the structurally related substance "Naphtha (petroleum), hydrated light" and QSAR calculation
Naphtha (Fischer-Tropsch), light, C4-10 - branched and linear is considered to be readily biodegradable based on a read-across study with the structurally related substance “Naphtha (petroleum), hydrated light” and QSAR calculation.
Estimated data
Biodegradation of the constituents of GTL Naphtha was predicted initially using the Syracuse Research Corporation BIOWIN program, and validated using published data (PFA, 2009).
Although the concept of the 10-day window is not applicable to UVCB substances, the term is retained when individual constituents are discussed (OECD, 2006).
Predicted degradation ratings range from ‘readily biodegradable, meeting 10-day window’ for shorter chain, linear constituents to ‘inherently biodegradable, not meeting specific criteria’ for longer chain, highly branched constituents, as shown in the table. No constituents of Fischer-Tropsch process-derived substances are considered likely to be non-biodegradable.
On the basis of measured data, the judgement was made to use the BIOWIN Ultimate Model outputs as follows:
Constituents with output >3.2 were ascribedReadily Biodegradable, meeting the 10-day window(termed herein RB10)
>2.8 were ascribed Readily biodegradable, not meeting the 10-day window (RBN)
>2.4 were ascribed Inherently biodegradable, fulfilling the criteria (INHY)
<2.4 were ascribed Inherently biodegradable, not fulfilling the criteria (INHN).
These ratings are used as inputs for the SimpleTreat model within the EUSES program, used to determine fate in a waste water treatment plant.
Biodegradation rating for the constituents of GTL Naphtha
Carbon Number |
Type |
BIOWIN (Ultimate) |
Ready biodegradation rating[1] |
4 |
Linear |
3.3691 |
RB10 |
4 |
Branched |
3.0707 |
RBN |
4 |
Cyclic |
n/a |
n/a |
5 |
Linear |
3.3381 |
RB10 |
5 |
Branched |
3.0397 |
RBN |
6 |
Linear |
3.3071 |
RB10 |
5 |
Cyclic |
3.0442 |
RBN |
6 |
Branched |
3.0087 |
RBN |
6 |
Cyclic |
3.0132 |
RBN |
7 |
Linear |
3.2761 |
RB10 |
7 |
Branched |
2.9777 |
RBN |
7 |
Cyclic |
2.9822 |
RBN |
8 |
Linear |
3.5434 |
RB10 |
8 |
Branched |
3.2451 |
RB10 |
8 |
Cyclic |
2.9512 |
RBN |
9 |
Linear |
3.5124 |
RB10 |
9 |
Branched |
3.2141 |
RB10 |
9 |
Cyclic |
2.9202 |
RBN |
10 |
Linear |
3.4814 |
RB10 |
10 |
Branched |
3.1831 |
RBN |
10 |
Cyclic |
3.1875 |
RBN |
11 |
Linear |
3.4504 |
RB10 |
11 |
Branched |
3.1521 |
RBN |
11 |
Cyclic |
3.1565 |
RBN |
Since that assessment, a further development of the assessment has been to use the program BIOHCWIN; this model is more tailored to structural descriptions of the constituents. Additional information is given in the attached QM(P)RF documents.
[1]RB10 = Readily biodegradable meeting 10-day window; RBN = Readily biodegradable not meeting 10-day window; INHY = Inherently biodegradable meeting specific criteria; INHN = Inherently biodegradable not meeting specific criteria.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.