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EC number: 204-485-1 | CAS number: 121-60-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Experimental result using standard OECD test guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Mixed inoculum
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Polyseed capsule (mixed culture) was used as a test inoculum for this study. Test inoculum polyseed capsule was made up of blend of specialized microbial cultures and food grade gelatin made by International Laboratory Supply (InterLab), LTD.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: 1 polyseed capsule was added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism.
- Pretreatment / Preconditioning: No preconditioning was given to the test inoculum as the polyseed capsule requires only one hour of stirring to activate it.
- Concentration of sludge: 1 Polyseed capsule was added in 500 mL DI water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum & settled for 15 minutes to eliminate the bran. Decanted polyseed solution was used as mixed inoculum. From this, 32 ml/l concentration was taken for test substance, control blank and reference. For 125 ml BOD bottle, 4 ml was used. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 4 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: OECD mineral medium was used for the study
- Test temperature: 20°C
- Continuous darkness: Yes
- Other: The water used in this study is deionized water.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: The apparatus used in this study is BOD bottles; with glass stoppers (125 ml), BOD incubator & oxygen electrode and meter.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: it contains only test inoculum
- Procedure control: contains reference compound and inoculum
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 86.99
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Other details not known
- Details on results:
- The oxygen consumed by the test systems was corrected for oxygen consumption occurring in the blank test systems. The BOD Values (mgO2/mg) and percent biodegradation results for each test system are reported in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.07 mgO2/mg. ThOD was determined by calculation as 1.23 mgO2/mg. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and was determined to be 86.99% at 20 ± 1°C. The % degradation of procedure control (reference substance) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31 %. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 43.37% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.
- Results with reference substance:
- The % degradation of procedure control (reference substance) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31 %. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 43.37% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test chemical undergoes 86.99% biodegradation after 28 days in the test condition. Thus, the test chemical was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.
- Executive summary:
Biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days following the principles of the OECD guideline 301 D for determining the ready biodegradability of the test chemical. The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C under aerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions was provided by means of mineral media which is aerated for 20 hours prior to start of the experiment. The test system included control, test chemical and reference substance. Polyseed capsule (mixed culture) was used as a test inoculum for the study. Test inoculum polyseed capsule was composed of blend of specialized microbial cultures and food grade gelatin made by International Laboratory Supply (InterLab), LTD. No pretreatment / preconditioning was given to the test inoculum as the polyseed capsule requires only one hour of stirring to activate it. 1 Polyseed capsule was added in 500 mL DI water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum & settled for 15 minutes to eliminate the bran. Decanted polyseed solution was used as mixed inoculum. Thus, concentration of test inoculum used for the study was 32 ml/l which corresponds to 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. The concentration of test and reference substance (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference chemical was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test chemical and reference substance. The % degradation of procedure control (reference substance) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31 %. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 43.37% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.07 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.23 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test chemical after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 86.99%. Based on the results, the test chemical under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.
Reference
TABLE: D.O Values (mg/L)
No. of Days |
Inoculum Blank (Control) |
Test Suspension |
Procedure Control (Reference Item) |
0 |
6.8 |
6.1 |
6.5 |
7 |
6.6 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
14 |
6.5 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
21 |
6.2 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
28 |
6.0 |
1 |
0.5 |
TABLE: BOD Values (mg O2/mg)
No. of Days |
Test Suspension |
Procedure Control (Reference Item) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0.3 |
0.72 |
14 |
0.72 |
1.02 |
21 |
0.97 |
1.02 |
28 |
1.07 |
1.3 |
TABLE: PERCENT BIODEGRDATION RESULTS
No. of Days |
Test Suspension |
Procedure Control (Reference Item) |
0 |
0% |
0% |
7 |
24.39% |
43.37% |
14 |
58.53% |
61.44% |
21 |
78.86% |
61.44% |
28 |
86.99% |
78.31% |
Table: BOD28, THOD AND % BIODEGRADATION VALUES
Method details |
BOD28 (mgO2/mg) |
ThOD (mgO2/mg) |
%Biodegradation |
Test Item |
1.07 |
1.23 |
86.99 |
Reference Item |
1.3 |
1.66 |
78.31 |
Table: pH
No. of Days |
Inoculum Blank (Control) |
Test Suspension |
Procedure Control (Reference Item) |
0 |
6.6 |
6.3 |
7 |
7 |
6.7 |
6.3 |
6.8 |
14 |
6.6 |
6.3 |
6.4 |
21 |
7.0 |
7 |
6.9 |
28 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
7 |
Description of key information
Biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days following the principles of the OECD guideline 301 D for determining the ready biodegradability of the test chemical (Experimental study report, 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C under aerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions was provided by means of mineral media which is aerated for 20 hours prior to start of the experiment. The test system included control, test chemical and reference substance. Polyseed capsule (mixed culture) was used as a test inoculum for the study. Test inoculum polyseed capsule was composed of blend of specialized microbial cultures and food grade gelatin made by International Laboratory Supply (InterLab), LTD. No pretreatment / preconditioning was given to the test inoculum as the polyseed capsule requires only one hour of stirring to activate it. 1 Polyseed capsule was added in 500 mL DI water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum & settled for 15 minutes to eliminate the bran. Decanted polyseed solution was used as mixed inoculum. Thus, concentration of test inoculum used for the study was 32 ml/l which corresponds to 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. The concentration of test and reference substance (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference chemical was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test chemical and reference substance. The % degradation of procedure control (reference substance) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31 %. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 43.37% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.07 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.23 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test chemical after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 86.99%. Based on the results, the test chemical under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days following the principles of the OECD guideline 301 D for determining the ready biodegradability of the test chemical (Experimental study report, 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C under aerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions was provided by means of mineral media which is aerated for 20 hours prior to start of the experiment. The test system included control, test chemical and reference substance. Polyseed capsule (mixed culture) was used as a test inoculum for the study. Test inoculum polyseed capsule was composed of blend of specialized microbial cultures and food grade gelatin made by International Laboratory Supply (InterLab), LTD. No pretreatment / preconditioning was given to the test inoculum as the polyseed capsule requires only one hour of stirring to activate it. 1 Polyseed capsule was added in 500 mL DI water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum & settled for 15 minutes to eliminate the bran. Decanted polyseed solution was used as mixed inoculum. Thus, concentration of test inoculum used for the study was 32 ml/l which corresponds to 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. The concentration of test and reference substance (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference chemical was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test chemical and reference substance. The % degradation of procedure control (reference substance) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31 %. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 43.37% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.07 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.23 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test chemical after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 86.99%. Based on the results, the test chemical under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.
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