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EC number: 237-358-4 | CAS number: 13762-14-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
NOEC (24 weeks) = 342 mg cobalt molybdenum oxide/kg soil dw (Eisenia fetida) for growth (read-across from cobalt chloride hexahydrate)
LC50 (14 d) > 1000 mg cobalt molybdenum oxide/kg soil dw (Eisenia fetida) for mortality
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:
- 342 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
One study is available on the short-term toxicity of cobalt molybdenum oxide to soil macroorganisms. In this study, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed to the substance in artificial soil at 1000 mg/kg soil dw in a limit test (He, 2012). The test was conducted according to national guidelines and OECD 207. No effects were observed in any of the treatments and as a result, an LC50 (14 d) of > 1000 mg/kg soil dw was obtained.
No data on long-term toxicity to soil macroorganisms are available for cobalt molybdenum oxide. However, there are reliable data available for different structurally analogue substances.
The environmental fate pathways and ecotoxicity effects assessments for cobalt metal and cobalt compounds as well as for molybdenum metal and molybdenum compounds is based on the observation that adverse effects to aquatic, soil- and sediment-dwelling organisms are a consequence of exposure to the bioavailable ion, released by the parent compound. The result of this assumption is that the ecotoxicology will be similar for all soluble cobalt and molybdenum substances used in the ecotoxicity tests. Therefore, data from soluble cobalt and molybdenum substances are used in the derivation of ecotoxicological and environmental fate endpoints, based on the cobalt ion and molybdenum ion, respectively.
Cobalt
Data on macroorganism (non-arthopod) toxicity tests resulting in high quality EC50 values (expressed as Co) for Eisenia fetida and a nematode species (n=4) are summarised in the WHO CICAD (2006).No EC50 values are available for any of the three studies on Eisenia fetida. The results range from a NOEC(growth, 8 weeks) of 30 mg Co/kg soil dry weight, tested as unspecified cobalt salt (with significant differences to the control from 300 mg/kg soil dw) to 77% mortality at 4720 mg Co/kg soil dry weight, tested as cobalt chloride (hydration not specified) after 10 weeks exposure, with a recalculated value of between 111 and 17,529 mg cobalt molybdenum oxide/kg soil dw (WHO CICAD, 2006).
The key study for effects on growth reports a NOEC of 92 mg Co/kg soil dry weight after 24 weeks exposure to cobalt chloride hexahydrate (Neuhauser et al., 1984), with the recalculated value of 342 mg cobalt molybdenum oxide/kg soil dw.
Another study on the nematode species Caenorhabditis elegans reports 24 hour LC40 values for total cobalt of 1274 mg/L and for the free ion at 1210 mg/L (Hartenstein et al., 1981; WHO CICAD, 2006).
References: World Health Organization (2006). Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 69. COBALT AND INORGANIC COBALT COMPOUNDS.
Molybdenum
The invertebrate toxicity assays (excluding arthropods) resulted in 20 individual high quality NOEC/EC10 values (for 2 different invertebrates; Enchytraeus crypticus and Eisenia andrei) selected for assessment purposes (van Gestel et al., 2009).
The selected NOEC/EC10 values range from 7,88 mg added Mo/kg for E. andrei in soil 6 to 1661 mg added Mo/kg for E.crypticus in soil 7. All data are based on added measured Mo concentrations in dry weight soil.
For E. crypticus, unbounded NOEC values were observed in soils 1 and 9 (EC10> 2719 and 2816 mg added Mo/kg dw soil respectively).
For the aged soils (soils 4,5 and 6), the comparison of Mo in freshly spiked and 11 -month aged soils show that long-term equilibration of Mo in soils generally decreases its toxicity to invertebrates. Only in one case (out of 6 cases) an effect at a lower dose was observed in the aged soil (E. crypticus in soil 6). The results of the toxicity in aged soils are used to determine a Leaching/Ageing factor to correct for the effect of spiking on the toxicity of Mo in soil organisms.
Conclusion
As
the effect values derived from analogue cobalt compounds are
considerably lower than those derived from analogue molybdenum
substances, it can be reasoned that the cobalt ion will account for the
effects in ecotoxicological testing. Hence, it was concluded to put
forward the most sensitive and reliable results derived from analogue
cobalt compounds for assessment purposes, and recalculate them for
CoMoO4.
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