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EC number: 204-648-7 | CAS number: 123-75-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro DNA damage and/or repair study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Substance was only tested without metabolic activation, replicates were included although number of replicates unclear, limited number of concentrations with limited range (2 concentrations; 426.7 - 633 mg/L) were tested. However, substances tested up to cytotoxic concentrations.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
- Report date:
- 1987
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effect of pyrrolidine was tested on the diploid strain D61.M of Saccharamyces cerevisiae.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- yeast cytogenetic assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pyrrolidine
- EC Number:
- 204-648-7
- EC Name:
- Pyrrolidine
- Cas Number:
- 123-75-1
- Molecular formula:
- C4H9N
- IUPAC Name:
- pyrrolidine
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): pyrrolidine
- Cas no.: 123-75-1
- Supplier: Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, USA
- Analytical purity: no data
- Lot/ batch No.: no data
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- cyh2 (cycloheximide resistance); ade6 (white-adenine requirement); leul (leucine requirement)
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Diploid strain D61.M
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 6.0, 8.9, 11.9 and 14.8 mM (corresponds to 426.7, 633, 846.3, 1052.6 mg/L)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Not described
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No additions
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 77.6 and 103.2 mM
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Preperations of cultures:
Cultures selected to have a low spontaneous frequency of cycloheximide resistance (typically <1 x 10-6) were diluted 1:10 into fresh YEPD medium (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 2% glucose) and incubated at 28°C for 4 hr to bring the cells into exponential growth phase before addition of the test chemical.
Treatment procedure:
The exponential phase culture was adjusted to 5x106 cell/ml in YEPD medium. Treatments were carried out in 2-ml aliquots in glass test tubes. The growing yeast cells were treated in a shaker water bath at approximately 200 rpm at 28°C for 4 hr; then the cultures were refrigerated at 4°C in a water bath for 16 hr. The cold holding period was followed by a second 4-hr incubation at 28°C before the cultures were diluted and plated on the appropriate media. When necessary, cultures were diluted to approximately 1-2 x 107 cells/ml, and 0.1 ml aliquots were plated directly onto the selective cycloheximide-YEPD medium to determine the resistant population. Appropriate dilutions were plated onto YEPD medium to determine the surviving population. Plates were incubated for 5-7 days , and colonies were enumerated.
On selective medium the resistant colonies were either red or white. The red colonies resulted from the occurrence of genetic events such as gene conversion or mutation affecting the CYH2 locus only and not from chromosome malsegregation. The cycloheximide-resistant white colonies are presumably due to chromosome loss because the recessive cyh2 and the recessive ade6 alleles are being simultaneously expressed.
To confirm that the white resistant colonies are really monosomic for chromosome VII, each colony to be tested was streaked onto YEPD master plates, which were incubated overnight at 28°C, and then replicas were plated onto both a synthetic complete medium and onto the same medium lacking leucine. White (ade6) and cycloheximide-resistant (cyh2) colonies must also require leucine (leu1) to be considered monosomic. - Evaluation criteria:
- Reference given: Zimmermann, FK (1984): Basic principles and methods of genotoxicity testing in the yeast Saccharamyces cerevisiae. In Kilbey BJ, Legator M, Nichols W, Ramel C (eds): " Handbook of Mutagenicity Test procedures", 2nd Ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp 215-238.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at 11.9 mM (846.3 mg/L) and above
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- No other information provided.
- Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: diploid strain D61.M
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative without metabolic activation
Pyrrolidine was shown not to induce aneuploidy or other genetic effects in the diploid strain D61.M of Saccharamyces cerevisiae. - Executive summary:
The effect of pyrrolidine was tested on the diploid strain D61.M of Saccharamyces cerevisiae. Cytotoxicity was found at concentrations of 11.9 mM (which corresponds with 846.3 mg/L) and above. Pyrrolidine was shown not to induce aneuploidy or other genetic effects without metabolic activation.
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