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EC number: 457-320-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19-Jun-2002 to 28-Jun-2002
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment. No. 23. Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Nominally 0, 42, 93, 203, 452, 1002 mg/litre
- Sampling method: samples were taken from the water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) and control solution on Day 0 and on a composite of the replicates at termination (Day 2). Samples were taken with no headspace in 40 ml volatile organic analysis vials.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no data - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Individual treatments were prepared by adding the appropriate amount of test substance to 2.0 litres of laboratory dilution water in glass aspirator bottles. The test substance is a viscous liquid. The appropriate amount of the substance was weighed onto Teflon@ discs prior to water-accommodated fraction (WAF) preparation. The WAFs were prepared by adding the disc and test substance to reconstituted water in glass aspirator bottles and stirring on magnetic stir-plates at
- Controls: Four replicates of the control were prepared in the same manner using reconstituted water.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): During mixing, the treatments appeared clear / colourless with the test substance on the discs at the bottom of the mixing vessels. After stirring, the mixtures were allowed to settle for 4 hours in a water bath at 20.9 ºC, before the aqueous portions were removed through the outlet at the bottom of the vessels. After stirring the mixtures appeared clear / colorless with the test substance on the discs at the bottom of the mixing vessels. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain: Strauss
- Source: Cultured at the test facility; original culture supplied by Aquatic Biosystems, Inc.; starter culture received l l-Apr-2002
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 hours old, taken from 14-day old parents
- Feeding during test: not fed
ACCLIMATION
- not applicable (neonates used for study)
QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- not applicable (cultured at test facility) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 202 mg CaCO3/litre
- Test temperature:
- 20.7-20.9ºC
- pH:
- 6.9-7.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 42, 93, 203, 452, 1002 mg/litre
Due to the complex nature of the test substance, samples of the water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) were analyzed for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content: 0.23, 0.22, 0.25, 0.24, 0.25 and 0.35 mg/litre - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flask
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with a ground glass stopper
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 125 ml size, no headspace, 140 ml volume of solution
- Aeration: dilution water was aerated prior to the addition of the test substance
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): not renewed
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no vehicle
- Biomass loading rate: 28 ml solution/daphnid
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted Water (Batch 120A). The dilution water is prepared from UV-sterilized, deionized well water that is treated and distributed throughout the testing facility via PVC and stainless-steel pipes
- Total organic carbon: <1.0 ppm
- Particulate matter, Metals, Pesticides, Chlorine: no known contaminants in the feed used in culturing the organisms or the dilution water believed to be at levels high enough to interfere with this study
- Alkalinity: 32 mg/litre (as CaCO3)
- Ca/mg ratio: 2.8: 1
- Na/K ratio: 5.9: 1
- Conductivity: 520 µmhos (specific conductance)
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: no data
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light, 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: 191-213 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : observations of immobilisation at 24 and 48 hours
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: study in accordance with guideline
RANGE FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: nominally 0, 10, 100 mg/litre
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no data - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval 38-62 mg/L; water accommodated fraction tested; concentration expressed as loading rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: lowest concentration tested; water accommodated fraction tested; concentration expressed as loading rate
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none reported
- Other biological observations: % survival in 0, 42, 93, 203, 452 and 1002 mg/litre treatments:
- at 24 hours: 100, 100, 100, 95, 90, 85
- at 48 hours: 100, 60, 5, 0, 0, 0
- Mortality of control: 0
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: after stirring the mixtures appeared clear / colourless with the test substance on the discs at the bottom of the mixing vessels
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no data - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- none
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- maximum likelihood analysis
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 202 (and OECD guidance document 23), an acute 48-h EL50 of 50 mg/litre (nominal) and an 48-h LOELR of 42 mg/litre (nominal) were determined for EC# 457-320-2 in Daphnia magna. The lowest concentration causing 100% immobilisation was 203 mg/litre (nominal). Effect concentrations were based on loading rates as there were no data on the measured mass of test material in the WAFs.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 202 and OECD guidance document 23, Daphnia magna were exposed to nominal concentrations of EC#457-320-2 of 0, 42, 93, 203, 452 and 1002 mg/litre. The test material was poorly soluble in water and its toxicity was determined by preparing water-accommodated fractions (WAFs). Test mixtures were prepared by placing the appropriate amount of test material onto Teflon discs and placing in glass bottles containing 2 litres of dilution water. After stirring for 41 h and settling for 4 h, the clear/colourless aqueous portions (WAFs) were removed for use in the test, with some test material (apparently not quantified) remaining on the discs at the bottom of the mixing vessels. In the absence of a suitable analytical method, test mixtures were analysed for total organic carbon (TOC), but not for test material. Groups of 20 daphnids/concentration were observed at 24 and 48 h for immobilisation. The Daphnia were not fed during the study.
The 24-h EL50 could not be calculated since only 15% immobilisation was seen at the highest concentration. Based on nominal concentrations, the 48-h EL50 was 50 mg/litre (95% confidence interval 38 to 62 mg/litre) and the 48-h LOELR was 42 mg/litre (nominal). The lowest concentration causing 100% immobilisation was 203 mg/litre. TOC concentrations were similar in all test mixtures and the control (0.2-0.3 mg/litre).
In conclusion, an acute 48-h EL50 of 50 mg/litre (nominal) and an 48-h LOELR of 42 mg/litre (nominal) were determined for EC# 457-320-2 in Daphnia magna. Effect concentrations were based on loading rates as there were no data on the measured mass of test material in the WAFs.
Reference
Description of key information
The 48-hour EL50 for Daphnia was 50 mg/L (nominal loading rate)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 50 mg/L
Additional information
One study of the short-term toxicity of EC# 457-320-2 to aquatic invertebrates is available: an acute Daphnia study conducted to GLP and in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 202. Due to the poor water solubility of the test substance, test waters were prepared as Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) of nominal loading rates of 0, 42, 93, 203, 452 and 1,000 mg/L. In the absence of a suitable analytical method, test mixtures were analysed for total organic carbon (TOC), but not for test material.
The 48-h EL50 was 50 mg/litre (95% confidence interval 38 to 62 mg/litre); the 48-h LOELR was 42 mg/litre (nominal). The lowest concentration causing 100% immobilisation was 203 mg/litre. TOC concentrations were similar in all test mixtures and the control (0.2-0.3 mg/litre).
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