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EC number: 247-415-5 | CAS number: 26021-57-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 2020-02-12 to 2020-08-11
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media of all test concentrations and the control were taken at test start and the test medium renewal after 24 hours.
For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the renewal periods, at least duplicate samples were taken at the test medium renewal and at the end of the test from all aged test media and the control of the actual test by pooling the contents of the beakers of all replicates for each treatment.
All samples were diluted by a factor of 2 with acetonitrile. Additional samples of the control and the dilution solvent were taken at each sampling without any sample treatment.
All samples were stored in a freezer (≤ - 20 °C), protected from light, until analysis was performed.
The concentrations of the test item were analysed in the duplicate test media samples from all test concentrations and in the duplicate control samples from all sampling times. Additional samples of the control and the dilution solvent were not analysed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
The test medium of the highest test concentration of nominal 10 mg test item/L was prepared by dissolving 10.0 and 10.6 mg test item into 1000 and 1060 mL test water by intense stirring for 15 minutes. Adequate volumes of this test medium were diluted with test water to prepare the test media of the other desired test concentrations.
The test media were prepared just before introduction of the daphnids (= start of the test) and test medium renewal on Day 1.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): There were no remarkable observations at the two lowest concentrations. At the concentration of nominal 2.1 mg test item/L a slight colouration was observed in the aged test medium on day two. At the concentration of nominal 4.5 and 10 mg test item/L a slight colouration was observed in the aged test medium on both days. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna (Straus)
- Strain/clone: clone 5
- Age at study initiation: From 2.50 to 23.00 hours old
- Method of breeding: The daphnids were bred in the laboratories of ibacon under similar temperature and light conditions as used in the test. The cultivation of the parental daphnids was performed in Elendt M4 medium. The test organisms were not first brood progeny. The daphnids in the stock culture were fed at least on all working days with green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) freshly grown in the laboratories of ibacon.
- Source: The daphnids introduced in the test were taken from ibacon's in-house laboratory culture.
- Feeding during test : no
ACCLIMATION : Was not necessary, since the test was performed in the same medium as the culturing
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- Reconstituted Water (Elendt "M4"): 2.5 mmol/L (= 250 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 18.4 to 19.3 °C in the freshly prepared media; 18.9 to 19.2°C in the aged test media
- pH:
- 7.6 to 7.8 in the freshly prepared media; 7.6 to 7.9 in the aged test media; and thus the pH-value did not vary by more than 1.5 units
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.9 to 9.0 mg/L in the freshly prepared media; 8.6 to 8.8 mg/L in the aged test media
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel/Material, size, headspace, fill volume, open / closed : Glass beakers of 100 mL volume containing approximately 60 mL of test medium. The test vessels were covered with a lid to reduce the loss of water due to evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solutions.
- Aeration: not specified
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): renewal at day 1
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 5 daphnia in 60 mL
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted Water (Elendt "M4"):
Analytical grade salts and additives were added as described in the guideline.
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The water temperature, pH-values and the dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined in all freshly prepared and aged test media of each treatment group.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark
- Light intensity: The light intensity was 540 to 860 lux (measured once during the test).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
The mobility of the daphnids was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours. Those animals that are not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker were considered to be immobile (even if they could still move their antennae).
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: none required
RANGE-FINDING STUDY : yes
- Test concentrations: not specified - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.57 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 2.25 - 2.94
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.79 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI: 1.52 - 2.10
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.68 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- After 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and up to and including the time weighted average test item concentration of 1.68 mg test item/L. At the time weighted average concentrations of 4.11 and 9.20 mg test item/L all animals were immobile.
The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. All reported results refer to time weighted average concentrations, since the test item concentrations were not within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations during the test.
Validity criteria:
Control Immobilisation Rate: Was 0 % and furthermore no daphnid showed signs of disease or stress; thus the validity criterion was met.
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration: Was ≥ 8.8 mg O2/L in in all treatment groups at the end of the test; thus validity criterion was met. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50-24H: 1.163 mg/L
The results indicate that the sensitivity of the daphnids was consistent with the level proposed by the OECD 202 guideline (EC50-24 h between 0.6 and 2.1 mg potassium dichromate/L). - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24-hour and 48-hour EC50, EC20 and EC10 and the 95 % confidence limits were calculated by probit analysis.
The NOEC and LOEC after 24 and 48 hours were calculated by Step-down Cochran Armitage test procedure.
The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional, Version 3.3.0, ToxRat Solutions GmbH. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See above
- Conclusions:
- The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be 1.68 mg test item/L. The 48-hour LOEC was determined to be 4.11 mg test item/L and the 48-hour EC50 value was calculated to be 2.57 mg test item/L.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the test item on the mobility of Daphnia magna, acording to OECD 202 guideline and following GLP.
Young daphnids (< 24 hours old) were exposed in a semi-static test to various concentrations. The study encompassed 6 treatment groups (10, 4.5, 2.1, 0.94 and 0.43 mg test item/L (spacing factor 2.2) corresponding to 9.20, 4.11, 1.68, 0.735 and 0.410 mg test item/L (measured TWA) and a control) each containing 20 individuals. The mobility of the daphnids was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours. After 48 hours of exposure no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and up to and including the time weighted average test item concentration of 1.68 mg test item/L. At the time weighted average concentrations of 4.11 and 9.20 mg test item/L all animals were immobile.
The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be 1.68 mg test item/L. The 48-hour LOEC was determined to be 4.11 mg test item/L and the 48-hour EC50 value was calculated to be 2.57 mg test item/L.
The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. All reported results refer to time weighted average concentrations, since the test item concentrations were not within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations during the test.
All validity criteria were met.
Reference
Description of key information
The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be 1.68 mg test item/L. The 48-hour LOEC was determined to be 4.11 mg test item/L and the 48-hour EC50 value was calculated to be 2.57 mg test item/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 2.57 mg/L
Additional information
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