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EC number: 290-179-3 | CAS number: 90082-87-4 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 16 February 2019 - 15 March 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 21 July 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- 31 May 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Plum, ext.
- EC Number:
- 290-179-3
- EC Name:
- Plum, ext.
- Cas Number:
- 90082-87-4
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Extract obtained from fruits of Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Physical appearance: blackish brown to dark brown liquid
- Storage conditions: at room temperature
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - pH: 3.6
- Stability at higher temperatures: yes, maximum temperature: 40°C, maximum duration: 120 minutes
Method
- Target gene:
- Salmonella typhimurium: histidine gene
Escherichia coli: tryptophan gene
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9), prepared from male Sprague Dawley rats injected with Aroclor 1254 (500 mg/kg body weight).
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Dose range finding test (TA100 and WP2uvrA, with and without S9): 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate (reported as part of the first experiment)
First experiment (TA1535, TA 1537 and TA98, with and without S9): 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate
Second experiment (all strains, with and without S9): 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: dimethyl sulfoxide
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test item was dissolved in DMSO. The vehicle was according to OECD guideline 471.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: ICR-191; 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- For more details see 'any other information on materials and methods'
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Two individual experiments were performed: the first experiment was a direct plate assay and the second experiment was a pre-incubation assay. A dose-range finding study was performed and reported as part of the first experiment.
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 +/- 4 hours (for both experiments)
- Pre-incubation period: 30 +/- 2 minutes (for the second experiment only)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3
PLATE PREPARATION: Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 ml molten top agar: 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (10^9 cells/mL) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test item in DMSO and either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of nonactivation assays). The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C for 48 ± 4 h.
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 10^9 cells/mL
CYTOTOXICITY:
- Cytotoxicity was examined by the reduction of the bacterial background lawn, the increase in the size of the microcolonies and the reduction of the revertant colonies
COLONY COUNTING:
The revertant colonies were counted automatically with the Sorcerer Colony Counter. Plates with sufficient test item precipitate to interfere with automated colony counting were counted manually. Evidence of test item precipitate on the plates and the condition of the bacterial background lawn were evaluated when considered necessary, macroscopically and/or microscopically by using a dissecting microscope. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test item is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent vehicle control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 or TA98 is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one follow-up experiment.
A test item is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is greater than two (2) times the concurrent vehicle control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 is greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) In case a follow up experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one follow up experiment.
Acceptability criteria:
a) The vehicle control and positive control plates from each tester strain (with or without S9-mix) must exhibit a characteristic number of revertant colonies when compared against relevant historical control data generated at this laboratory.
b) The selected dose-range should include a clearly toxic concentration or should exhibit limited solubility as demonstrated by the preliminary toxicity range-finding test or should extend to 5 mg/plate.
c) No more than 5% of the plates are lost through contamination or some other unforeseen event. If the results are considered invalid due to contamination, the experiment will be repeated.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- Only in experiment 2, in the presence of S9-mix at a dose level of 5000 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: in both experiments, no precipitation was observed at the start or at the end of the incubation period in any of the strains and at any of the doses tested.
CYTOTOXICITY:
- Experiment 1: No cytotoxicity observed in any of the tester strains.
- Experiment 2: Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants, reduction of the bacterial background lawn and/or the presence of microcolonies, was only observed in tester strain TA1537 at the concentration of 5000 μg/plate in the presence of S9-mix.
MUTAGENICITY: In both experiments, in all strains and at all doses tested, no biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants was observed upon treatment with the test item, with and without S9.
HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2 Positive control historical data
|
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
TA98 |
TA100 |
WP2uvrA |
|||||
S9-mix |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
Range |
3 – 29 |
3 - 27 |
3 – 20 |
3 – 23 |
8 - 41 |
8 - 55 |
63 – 176 |
54 - 160 |
10 – 59 |
9 - 69 |
Mean |
10 |
11 |
6 |
7 |
16 |
23 |
108 |
107 |
25 |
32 |
SD |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
7 |
19 |
20 |
7 |
8 |
n |
2356 |
2336 |
2264 |
2235 |
2319 |
2360 |
2341 |
2336 |
2075 |
2078 |
Table 3 Negative control historical data
|
TA1535 |
TA1537 |
TA98 |
|||
S9-mix |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
Range |
125 – 1248 |
73 – 1206 |
55 – 1353 |
54 – 1051 |
365 – 1995 |
250 – 1977 |
Mean |
846 |
219 |
787 |
353 |
1406 |
887 |
SD |
146 |
119 |
345 |
162 |
258 |
349 |
n |
2348 |
2229 |
2003 |
2234 |
2200 |
2276 |
|
TA100 |
WP2uvrA |
||
S9-mix |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
Range |
439 – 1848 |
408 - 2651 |
93 – 1951 |
111 - 1359 |
Mean |
901 |
1232 |
1094 |
437 |
SD |
168 |
343 |
477 |
149 |
n |
2335 |
2327 |
2021 |
2085 |
SD = Standard deviation
n = Number of observations
Historical control data from experiments performed between Oct 2015 and Oct 2017.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The results of an Ames test, performed according to OECD guideline 471 and GLP principles, showed that Plum concentrate is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.
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