2-methylfuran

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1989

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1989

Report date:

1989

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

According to the method of Marron and Ames (1983), modified pre-incubation Ames test (Yahagi et al., 1977)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

adapted to volatils

GLP compliance:

no

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-methylfuran

EC Number:

208-594-5

EC Name:

2-methylfuran

Cas Number:

534-22-5

Molecular formula:

C5H6O

IUPAC Name:

2-methylfuran

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Freshly dissolved in appropriate solvent before used.
Checked for purity by nuclear magnetic resonance spetroscopy.

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Species / strain 3

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

six dose levels: 11 nmol - 1.1 mmol
Pre-assay performed to determine highest non-bactericidal dose in TA100

Vehicle / solvent:

methanol

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

methanol

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

mitomycin C

other: 2-aminofluorene

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

According to the method of Marron and Ames (1983), modified pre-incubation Ames test (Yahagi et al., 1977) due to the volatile nature of the test substance
Tested with all 3 strains at 6 dose levels (up to bactericidity).
Four plates per dose and solvent control.
Preparation of hepatic enzyme system (S9) using Aroclor 1254-induced rat livers.
Metabolic activation (30% S9) used when appropriate.
Plates incubated for 3 days and counted with automated colony counter.
Mutation factors (MF) (induced/spontaneous revertants) were counted at the dose levels that give the greatest effect.

Rationale for test conditions:

adapted due to the volatile nature of the test substance

Evaluation criteria:

not specified

Statistics:

not specified

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The positive controls always gave strong mutagenic responses providing evidence for correct functioning of the test and the metabolic activation.

Remarks on result:

other: not mutagenic

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

2-Methylfuran was tested negative in the Ames test with the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without metabolic activation and at doses up to bactericidity.

Executive summary:

The test substance was tested for genotoxicity in an Ames test using three Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without metabolic activation (30% S9). Due to the volatile nature of the substance, the test was performed according to the method of Marron and Ames (1983), a modified pre-incubation protocol (Yahagi et al., 1977). The test was not performed in accordance with OECD TG but with acceptable restrictions. The test was not performed under GLP.

The strains were tested at 6 dose levels ranging from 11.0 nmol - 1.1 mmol up to bactericidity which was determined in a pre-test with TA100. Four plates per dose and solvent control were tested. The plates were incubated for 3 days and counted with an automated colony counter. Mutation factors (MF) (induced/spontaneous revertants) were counted at the dose levels that give the greatest effect.

In conclusion, 2-methylfuran was tested negative in the Ames test with the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA102 with and without metabolic activation and at doses up to bactericidity.