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EC number: 271-668-0 | CAS number: 68603-62-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 March - 03 November 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Study conducted in accordance with international guidelines and in accordance with GLP. All guideline validity criteria were met.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, octylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Molecular formula:
- Amines, C12-branched alkyl, octylbenzenesulfonates: C27H51NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, octylbenzenesulfonates: C28H53NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, octylbenzenesulfonates: C29H55NO3S
- IUPAC Name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, octylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Reference substance name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, nonylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Molecular formula:
- Amines, C12-branched alkyl, nonylbenzenesulfonates: C28H53NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, nonylbenzenesulfonates: C29H55NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, nonylbenzenesulfonates: C30H57NO3S
- IUPAC Name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, nonylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Reference substance name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, decylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Molecular formula:
- Amines, C12-branched alkyl, decylbenzenesulfonates: C29H55NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, decylbenzenesulfonates: C30H57NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, decylbenzenesulfonates: C31H59NO3S
- IUPAC Name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, decylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Reference substance name:
- Amines, C12-C14-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C12-C15 (1:1)
- Molecular formula:
- Amines, C12-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C12 (1:1) C31H59NO3S Amines, C12-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C13 (1:1) C32H61NO3S Amines, C12-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C14 (1:1) C33H63NO3S Amines, C12-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C15 (1:1) C34H65NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C12 (1:1) C32H61NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C13 (1:1) C33H63NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C14 (1:1) C34H65NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C15 (1:1) C35H67NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C12 (1:1) C33H63NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C13 (1:1) C34H65NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C14 (1:1) C35H67NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C15 (1:1) C36H69NO3S
- IUPAC Name:
- Amines, C12-C14-branched alkyl, benzenesulfonates C12-C15 (1:1)
- Reference substance name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, hexadecylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Molecular formula:
- Amines, C12-branched alkyl, hexadecylbenzenesulfonates (1:1): C35H67NO3S Amines, C13-branched alkyl, hexadecylbenzenesulfonates (1:1): C36H69NO3S Amines, C14-branched alkyl, hexadecylbenzenesulfonates (1:1): C37H71NO3S
- IUPAC Name:
- Amines, C12-14-branched alkyl, hexadecylbenzenesulfonates (1:1)
- Reference substance name:
- Residual Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl
- IUPAC Name:
- Residual Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl
- Test material form:
- liquid: viscous
- Details on test material:
- Storage: Room Temperature
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Constituent 4
Constituent 5
Constituent 6
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- cattle
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Corneas from bovine eyes were obtained from a local abattoir
- Number of animals: 9 corneas were prepared
- Characteristics of donor animals (e.g. age, sex, weight): < 30 months old
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue (e.g. transport time, transport media and temperature, and other conditions): The eyes were removed after slaughter, completely immersed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (containing penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 μg/mL) in a suitably sized container and transported on the same day to the testing facility.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: Same day
- indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: Only corneas free from such defects were used.
- Indication of any antibiotics used: During transport, eyes were immersed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (containing penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 μg/mL)
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µL
- Concentration (if solution): Undiluted
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): N/A
- Concentration (if solution): N/A
- Lot/batch no. (if required): N/A
- Purity: N/A - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10 mins exposure period
- Observation period (in vivo):
- N/A
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- After opacity was measured, the corneas were incubated (horizontally) for 2 hours after which, corneal opacity was measured and then the anterior chamber emptied. For the permeability endpoint, 1 mL of sodium fluorescein (4 mg/mL solution in 0.9% sodium chloride) was added into the anterior chamber, while the posterior chamber was filled with fresh MEM, and the corneas were incubated in the vertical position for 1.5 hours at 32 ± 1°C.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
:
On arrival at the test facility the eyes were carefully examined for defects including increased opacity, scratches and neovascularisation. Only corneas free from such defects were used.
QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
Upon arrival at the test facility, the corneas were excised from the eyes and loaded onto the specifically designed holders that consist of anterior and posterior compartments, which interface with the epithelial and endothelial sides of the cornea. The holders were uniquely identified by a number written in indelible ink. Both chambers of each holder were filled with pre-warmed Minimal Essential Medium (MEM), with the posterior chamber filled first, ensuring that no bubbles were formed. The holders were incubated at 32±1°C for 1 hour. After the incubation, the media was removed from both the anterior and posterior chambers. Fresh media was added to the posterior chamber first and then the anterior chamber (this media replacement order ensured the cornea retained its natural curvature as much as possible). The opacity of each cornea was measured using an opacitometer. Any corneas found to have scratches or increased neovascularization or an opacity of >7 opacity units when examined prior to treatment were discarded.
NUMBER OF REPLICATES
3 per test group
NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
Yes, the negative control substance was 0.9% sodium chloride solution (batch number 15107BA1A, expiry date 06 April 2017), supplied by Baxter Healthcare Ltd., Thetford, UK.
SOLVENT CONTROL USED (if applicable)
N/A
POSITIVE CONTROL USED
Yes, the positive control substance was 100% dimethylformamide (DMF) (batch number SZBF1680V expiry date 26 October 2017), supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd., Poole, UK.
APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
A volume of 750 μL of the test article was applied to each of three corneas followed by a 10 minute incubation at 32 °C.
TREATMENT METHOD:
Closed chamber
POST-INCUBATION PERIOD:
After opacity was measured, the corneas were incubated (horizontally) for 2 hours after which, corneal opacity was measured and then the anterior chamber emptied. For the permeability endpoint, 1 mL of sodium fluorescein (4 mg/mL solution in 0.9% sodium chloride) was added into the anterior chamber, while the posterior chamber was filled with fresh MEM, and the corneas were incubated in the vertical position for 1.5 hours at 32±1°C.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period: Each cornea was washed with media containing phenol red (as a pH indicator, to identify and monitor the rinsing of acidic or alkaline materials) until this indicator showed no pH effect occurring, demonstrating that the test article had been removed successfully. The corneas were then washed once in media without phenol red and the opacities measured.
- POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION:
After opacity was measured, the corneas were incubated (horizontally) for 2 hours after which, corneal opacity was measured and then the anterior chamber emptied. For the permeability endpoint, 1 mL of sodium fluorescein (4 mg/mL solution in 0.9% sodium chloride) was added into the anterior chamber, while the posterior chamber was filled with fresh MEM, and the corneas were incubated in the vertical position for 1.5 hours at 32±1°C. Following this period, the media in the posterior chamber was removed, mixed and held in a labelled tube. Three 350 μL aliquots of this media (per cornea) were analysed for optical density at 490 nanometers (OD490) using a spectrophotometer.
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: Opacitometer used.
- Corneal permeability: passage of sodium fluorescein dye measured with the aid of UV/VIS spectrophotometry (OD490)
- Others: Not conducted
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
DECISION CRITERIA: As per OECD 437 guidance.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- Test item mean IVIS
- Value:
- 43.47
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: No prediction can be made in respect of its potential to cause eye irritation.
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: No changes to the appearance of the corneas treated with the test article were noted.
DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY: Not reported.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: Opacity and permeability values less than the established upper limits for background opacity and permeability values were reported.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Positive controls IVIS fell within two standard deviations of the current historical mean (June 2009-May 2016, n=91)
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline: Historical values reported.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1 Corneal Opacity
Test Substance |
Cornea Number |
Initial Opacity |
Post Incubation Opacity |
Change in Opacity |
Mean Change in Opacity |
Corrected Opacity |
Mean Corrected Opacity |
Test article |
11 |
5 |
29 |
24 |
N/A |
24.3 |
22.3 |
12 |
3 |
17 |
14 |
14.3 |
|||
13 |
3 |
31 |
28 |
28.3 |
|||
Negative |
1 |
4 |
3 |
-1 |
-0.33 |
-0.7 |
0.0 |
17 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
1.3 |
|||
18 |
4 |
3 |
-1 |
-0.7 |
|||
Positive |
19 |
4 |
84 |
80 |
N/A |
80.3 |
66.7 |
20 |
4 |
57 |
53 |
53.3 |
|||
21 |
3 |
69 |
66 |
66.3 |
Table 2 Corneal Permeability
Test Substance |
Cornea Number |
Mean Blank OD490 |
OD490 |
Corrected OD490 |
Mean Corrected OD490 |
Final Corrected OD490 |
Mean Group Corrected OD490 |
Test article |
11 |
N/A |
1.586 |
1.586 |
N/A |
1.571 |
1.409 |
12 |
1.462 |
1.462 |
1.446 |
||||
13 |
1.227 |
1.227 |
1.211 |
||||
Negative |
1 |
N/A |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.016 |
0.009 |
0.000 |
17 |
0.015 |
0.015 |
-0.001 |
||||
18 |
0.008 |
0.008 |
-0.008 |
||||
Positive |
19 |
N/A |
1.212 |
1.212 |
N/A |
1.196 |
0.843 |
20 |
0.590 |
0.590 |
0.574 |
||||
21 |
0.776 |
0.776 |
0.760 |
Table 3 Calculated IVIS
Test Chemical |
Mean Opacity |
Mean Permeability |
IVIS (Mean Opacity + (15 x Mean Permeability)) |
Test article |
22.3 |
1.409 |
43.47 |
Negative control |
0.00 |
0.000 |
0.00 |
Positive control |
66.7 |
0.843 |
79.32 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- It was concluded that under the condition of this study, the test item, produced an IVIS score of 33.93 and therefore no prediction could be made in respect of its potential to cause eye irritation.
- Executive summary:
OECD 437 (2017) - The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeabilty (BCOP) test was conducted using Amines, C12-14- branched alkyl, dodecylbenzenesulfonates (1:1) in accordance with OECD Guideline 437 "Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage" (2013).
Undiluted test item was applied evenly to the surface of three corneas before being washed off with media solution after 10 minute test item contact time. A negative and positive control group, each containing 3 corneas, were also prepared.
Measurements for corneal opacity were made after 2 h incubation in the horizontal position with fresh media. Measurements for corneal permeability were made following 1 h and 34 mins incubation in the vertical position with sodium fluorescein.
Corneal opacity and corneal permeability media solutions were analysed by a spectrophotometer at 490 nanometers (OD490).
The mean corrected opacity reading and permeability readings for the test item were 22.3 and 1.409, resulting in an In Vitro Irritation Score (IVIS) of 43.47.
It was concluded that under the condition of this study the test item produced an IVIS score of 43.47 and therefore, no prediction could be made in respect of its potential to cause eye irritation.
The assay was considered valid as the assay acceptance criteria were met.
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