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EC number: 222-477-6 | CAS number: 3486-35-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Bioavailability in the Rat of Zinc and Iron from the Basic Salts Zn5(OH)8Cl2.H2O, Fe(OH)SO4 and Fe4(OH)11NO3.2H2O
- Author:
- Galvez-Morros M, Garcia-Martinez O, Wright AJA & Southon S
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Food Chem. 43(5):377-381
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- absorption
- excretion
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Bioavailability of zinc in Wistar rats from diets containing zinc carbonate was measured.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Carbonic acid, zinc salt, basic
- EC Number:
- 257-467-0
- EC Name:
- Carbonic acid, zinc salt, basic
- Cas Number:
- 51839-25-9
- Molecular formula:
- Zn(x/2+y).(OH)x.(CO3)y
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc hydroxy carbonate
- Reference substance name:
- Zinc carbonate
- EC Number:
- 222-477-6
- EC Name:
- Zinc carbonate
- Cas Number:
- 3486-35-9
- Molecular formula:
- CO3.Zn
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc carbonate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Zinc carbonate
- Specific activity (if radiolabelling): ZnCl2, 3.7-92.5 MBq/mg Zn
- Locations of the label (if radiolabelling): Zn
- Provided by Amersham International, Aylesbury, UK
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: Adult (experiment 1), immature rats (experiment 2)
- Weight at study initiation: 150-170 g (experiment 1), 75-80 g (experiment 2)
- Fasting period before study: Overnight
- Housing: Singly in polypropylene cages with stainless steel gridded tops and bottoms
- Individual metabolism cages: No
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): SS control diet (containing FeSO4.7H2O, 174 mg/kg diet equivalent to Fe added at 35 mg/kg), ad libitum for 5 d. After 5 d, rats then received SS diets (in restricted amounts, 20 g/d; 80 to 100% of ad libitum intake), containing Zinc carbonate (25 mg/kg) for a further 14 d, with zinc added at 13 mg/kg and iron added at 35 mg/kg diet.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 °C
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- other: cooked starch-sucrose water (1:1:6) paste
- Details on exposure:
- DIET PREPARATION
Experiment 1:
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): 5 g meal of cooked starch-sucrose water (1:1:6) paste containing 130 µg Zn as ZnCO3 extrinsically labelled with 37 kBq 65Zn (ZnCI2, 3.7-92.5 MBq/mg Zn); given to rats for 1 h
- SS control diet (containing FeSO4.7H2O, 174 mg/kg diet equivalent to Fe added at 35 mg/kg), ad libitum was provided 6 h after consumption of the test meal
Experiment 2:
- SS control diet (as in experiment 1), ad libitum for 5 d. After 5 d, rats then received SS diets (in restricted amounts, 20 g/day; 80 to 100% of ad libitum intake), containing Zinc carbonate (25 mg/kg) and Ferrous sulfate (174 mg/kg diet) for a further 14 d.
- At the beginning of the experiment, rats were injected subcutaneously with 37 kBq 65Zn (in 0.2 mL saline) into the scruff of the neck and whole-body counted immediately and then again every day until the end of the experiment - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Experiment 1: Single exposure, rats were allowed to consume the test meal for 1 h
Experiment 2: Test meal (in restricted amounts, 20 g/day; 80 to 100 % of ad libitum intake), 14 d
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Experiment 1: ZnCO3, extrinsically labelled with 37 kBq 65Zn
Experiment 2: ZnCO3, 25 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 15
- Control animals:
- no
- Positive control reference chemical:
- No
- Details on study design:
- - Animal assignment: Random
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (Absorption, excretion)
- Tissues and body fluids sampled (delete / add / specify): Whole body, faeces, plasma and femur
Experiment 1:
- Time and frequency of sampling: Whole body counted immediately after consuming the meal (Day 0) and then again each day until the end of the experiment (Day 14). Faeces were collected from Day 0 to Day 4, pooled for each rat, and counted for 65Zn.
- Method type(s) for identification: Whole-body radioactivity was measured using an NE 8112 small-animal whole-body gamma counter (NE Technology, Beenham, Berkshire, UK)
Experiment 2:
- Time and frequency of sampling: Whole body counted immediately after injecting 65Zn (Day 0) and then again each day until the end of the experiment. Iron status of rats was assessed via measurement of liver iron content, red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Zinc status of rats was assessed via plasma and femur Zinc concentration.
- Method type(s) for identification: Iron (liver) and Zinc (femur) contents were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, using a PU 9000 (Pye Unicam, Cambridge, UK). Deproteinated plasma was analysed directly for Zinc. RBC, PCV, MCV and Hb concentration were determined promptly on samples of heparinised whole blood, using a semiautomated Coulter counter (model CBC-5, Coulter Electronics, Luton, UK). - Statistics:
- F-test (when the variances differed significantly); t-test (where the variance ratio showed a treatment effect)
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- Not applicable
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- 65Zn absorption (%) = 48.4±3.0
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- Plasma Zinc = 1.86±0.034 µg/mL
Femur Zinc = 145.8±3.1 µg/g dry wt
Transfer into organs
- Observation:
- not determined
- Details on excretion:
- Fractional rate of 65Zn loss/day = 0.0169±0.0005 (experiment 1) & 0.0098±0.0008 (experiment 2)
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
- Details on metabolites:
- Not applicable
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Experiment 2: Observations in rats fed for 2 wk on SS diets containing ZnCO3 & FeSO4.7H2O
Dietary treatment |
Zinc carbonate |
Food intake (g) |
277.7 |
Weight gain (g) |
102.9 |
RBC (X 1012/L) |
7.00 |
MCV (GM)< (fl) |
62.47 |
log10MCV |
1.7957 |
PCV (1/L) |
0.439 |
Hb (g/L) |
151.0 |
Liver: dry weight (g) |
3.112 |
Fe (GM) (µg/g dry wt) |
223.3 |
log10Fe concentration |
2.3489 |
Total Fe (GM) (mg) |
694.5 |
log10total iron |
2.8417 |
Experiment 3:
- In this experiment, 65Zn absorption (%) and fractional rate of 65Zn loss/day from [65Zn]Zinc chloride were determined to be 45.1±2.1 and 0.0171±0.0006, respectively.
- Data obtained from the experiment with other salts indicated that the availability of Zinc from Zn5(OH)8CI2.H2O was similar to that from ZnCO3 and ZnCI2, and hence, the basic Zinc salt is of high bioavailability. The availability of iron from the basic iron salts, however, was very poor when compared to ferrous sulphate.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, the test material was determined to possess high bioavailability.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Zinc salts in male Wistar rats.
In experiment 1, Zinc absorption from ZnCO3, extrinsically labelled with 65Zn, was measured. In experiment 2, rats were fed ad libitum for 2 wk on semisynthetic diets containing ZnCO3 as the Zinc source (13 mg Zn/kg diet) and FeSO4.7H2O as the iron source (35 mg Fe/kg diet). After 2 wk, rats were sacrificed and the zinc and iron status were determined. Whole body counted immediately after consuming the meal (in experiment 1) or after injecting 65Zn (experiment 2) and then again each day until the end of the experiment.
65Zn absorption (%) and fractional rate of 65Zn loss/day from Zinc carbonate was determined to be 48.4±3.0 and 0.0169±0.0005 (experiment 1) or 0.0098±0.0008 (experiment 2), respectively. Plasma and femur Zinc was determined to be 1.86±0.034 µg/mL and 145.8±3.1 µg/g dry wt, respectively.
Under the test conditions, the test material was determined to possess high bioavailability. However it must be noted that in this study other zinc compounds were tested and no distinction was made between the different zinc compounds during the observations.
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