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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 219-834-3 | CAS number: 2549-51-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.036 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 0.358 µg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.004 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.806 µg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.081 µg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.379 µg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Conclusion on classification
A hydrolysis study was performed on vinyl chloroacetate (VCA). It concluded that the substance hydrolyses rapidly in water (half-life = 1.22 hours at pH 7) and releases acetaldehyde and chloroacetic acid as its degradation products. Therefore the toxicity of VCA in the aquatic environment is expected to be driven by the toxicity of its degradation products.
The short-term toxicity to the aquatic environment of VCA was investigated using reliable studies and literature data available on its degradation products acetaldehyde and chloroacetic acid. Algae was identified as the most sensitive species based on results on the short-term toxicity of chloroacetic acid to Scenedesmus subspicatus with a 48-hour EC50 of 0.028 mg/L. It is required to hydrolyse 0.03584 mg/L of VCA in order to obtain 0.028 mg/L of chloroacetic acid. Therefore the 48-hour EC50 of VCA for freshwater algae was determined to be 0.03584 mg/L. Considering that the 48-hour EC50 for algae is below 1 mg/L based on the hazardous properties of chloroacetic acid, VCA meets the criteria for classification as Aquatic Acute 1; H400 in accordance with Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008. This Classification is consistent with the classification of chloroacetic acid as Aquatic Acute 1; H400. A M-factor of 10 is proposed for the acute aquatic toxicity of the registered substance, based on the lowest 48-hour EC50 of VCA being comprised between 0.01 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, in accordance with Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008.
There is no available data on the chronic toxicity of VCA to the aquatic environment. As the substance is being registered under REACH in the 10-100 tonnage band there is no requirement for information on long-term studies to aquatic species. Therefore the Classification of the registered substance for chronic effects is based on the aquatic toxicity of the degradation products of VCA. Considering that the 48-hour EC50 for algae is below 1 mg/L based on the hazardous properties of chloroacetic acid, and it cannot be proven that the substance is ‘rapidly biodegradable’, VCA meets the criteria for classification as Aquatic Chronic 1; H410 in accordance with Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008. This Classification is consistent with the classification of chloroacetic acid as Aquatic Chronic 1; H410. A M-factor of 1 is proposed for the chronic aquatic toxicity of the substance based on the expected ready biodegradability of the substance and the M-Factor attributed to chloroacetic acid for its chronic effects.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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