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EC number: 278-133-0 | CAS number: 75214-65-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- November from 09th to 20th, 2012
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Justification for type of information:
- Details on the read-across are available in section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Freshly prepared and old media were analysed. No additional replicates for the test item analysis were prepared.
- Details on test solutions:
- - Stock solution: 200 mg/l, freshly prepared with dilution water.
- Dispersion treatment: agitation. - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed.
- Source: Federal Environmental Agency (UBA), Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany.
CULTURE
- Culture: the species is bred at the test facility. Density is kept low to prevent conglomerates of plants on the surface. At least once per week, plants are transferred to freshly prepared growth medium. Growth media and breeding vessels are autoclaved before use to enable the breeding of axenic cultures.
- Culture vessels: crystallisation dishes, Vol. 900 ml, filled with ca. 500 ml growth medium, covered with glass lids.
- Medium: Swedish Standard (SIS) Medium, pH-value 6.5 : 0.2.
- Temperature: 24 ± 2 °C
- Light regime: continuous fluorescent light, 15 - 60 µE/m^2/s
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 7 days.
- Culturing media and conditions: acclimatization under test conditions. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Test temperature:
- 22 - 23 °C
- pH:
- Control: 6.57 - 7.04
Vessels: 6.59 - 7.04 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 2.00, 6.32, 20.2, 63.2, 200 mg/l, nominal
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: crystallisation dishes with a 500 ml capacity.
- Type of cover: dishes were covered with glass lids and filled with 200 ml test solution.
- Agitation: yes
- No. of colonies per vessel: 4 uniform healthly-looking flants.
- No. of fronds per colony: 3 fronds each colony.
- Initial fron number: 12.
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3 replicates.
- No. of vessels per control: 6 replicates.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: Swedish Standard (SIS) Medium according to the guideline.
- pH: 6.5 ± 0.2
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: adjusted adding 1 N NaOH.
- Photoperiod: continuous fluorescent light on the surface of the test medium. Difference of light intensity at any measured incubation place was less than 15 % from the mean value.
- Light intensity and quality: 6500 - 10000 Iux (corresponding to 85 - 135 µE/m^2/s)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
Biological data
The amounts of plants were determined on start and end of the test and every 2 - 3 d. Every frond that were visibly projected beyond the edge of a parent frond were counted as a separate frond. Fronds that loose their pigmentation were not counted.
Observations of change in colour, break-up of plants and destructions of roots were made on every determination day and end of the test.
After 7 d determination of dry weight was carried out. Colonies from each test vessel were collected, rinsed with deionised water and then dried at 60 °C to a constant weight. Any root fragments were included. The starting biomass dry weight was determined based on a sample of colonies (same number of fronds as in the test vessels) taken from the same batch used to inoculate the test vessels.
Physicochemical data
pH-values were measured on start and end of the test.
The room temperature was measured and recorded continuously by a thermohygrograph.
Light intensity was determined before start of the test.
VALIDITY CRITERIA
The doubling time of frond number must be less than 2.5 d (60 h), corresponding to approximately an seven-fold increase in seven days and an average specific growth rate of 0.275/d.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1, 10 and 100 mg/l. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3, 5-dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 103 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 22.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- The test item was found to inhibit the growth of the monocotyledon Lemna minor after 7 days with the following effect values (nominal concentrations): the EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and dry weight inhibition of growth rate (ErdwC50) were 103 (75.1 - 137) mg/l and 73.8 (54.1 - 102) mg/l, respectively. The EC50-values with 95 % confidence intervals for inhibition of yield (EyC50) and dry weight inhibition of yield (EydwC50) was 22.8 (13.5 - 37.4) mg/l and 17.6 (12.5 - 22.1) mg/l.
The No Observed Effect Level effects observed was identified to be 6.32 mg/l, for both growth rate and yield and based on both frond number and dry weight.
MEASURED CONCENTRATION
The concentrations of test item were analysed at all concentration levels in fresh media and in old media after 7 days via HPLC-DAD analysis. The measured concentrations in the fresh media were in the range of 93 to 101 %. In the old media, measured concentrations were in the range of 79 to 102 % of the nominal values. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The acute toxicity of 3,5-Dichlorophenol to the monocotyledon Lemna minor was determined over a period of 7 d, according to OECD guideline 221.
ErC50 (7d): 2.66 mg/l, based on frond number (95 % CI: 2.60 - 2.71 mg/l)
ErC50 (7d): 2.33 mg/l, based on dry weight (95 % CI: 2.07 - 2.61 mg/l)
EyC50 (7d): 2.14 mg/l, based on frond number (95 % CI: 2.06 - 2.23 mg/l)
EyC50 (7d): 1.64 mg/l, based on dry weight (95 % CI: 1.31 - 2.03 mg/l) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- doubling times of the frond number in the definitive test was 2.11 days after 7 days of exposure in the control (required: < 2.5 days), corresponding to an average specific growth rate of 0.328 (10 -fold increase)
- Conclusions:
- ErC50 (7d): 103 mg/l, based on frond number.
ErC50 (7d): 73.8 mg/l, based on dry weight. - Executive summary:
The effects of test item on the growth of the monocotyledon species Lemna minor was determined according to the principles of OECD 221 (2006). A static exposure over 7 days was carried out. Based on a preliminary test, 5 nominal test item concentration levels were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of √10: 2.00 - 6.32 - 20.0 - 63.2 - 200 mg/l. Three replicates were investigated for each test concentration and six for the control. Frond numbers were assessed on days 0, 3, 5 and 7. Environmental parameters light and temperature were within acceptable limits. Validity criteria of test guideline were fulfilled.
Concentrations of test item were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD: measured concentrations of test item at start of exposure (0 h) were in the range of 93 to 101 % of the nominal values; measured concentrations of test item at the end of exposure (7 d) were in the range of 79 to 102 % of nominal values, indicating that concentrations of test item were successfully maintained for test duration. The endpoints were assessed based on nominal concentrations of test item.
The 7-d ErC50, based on frond number, was determined to be 103 mg/l (75.1 - 137 mg/l); the 7-d ErC50, based on dry weight, was determined to be 73.8 mg/l (54.1 - 102 mg/l). The NOEC for growth rate inhibition was identified to be 6.32 mg/l, based on both frond number and dry weight.
The 7-d EyC50, based on frond number, was determined to be between 22.8 mg/l (13.5 - 37.4 mg/l). The 7-d EyC50, based on dry weight, was determined to be between 17.6 mg/l (12.5 - 22.1 mg/l). The NOEC for yield inhibition was identified to be 6.32 mg/l., based on both frond number and dry weight.
Conclusion
ErC50 (7d): 103 mg/l, based on frond number.
ErC50 (7d): 73.8 mg/l, based on dry weight.
Reference
MAIN TEST
Frond number | Dry weight | ||
Growth Rate inhibition (mg/l) | |||
NOEC | 6.32 | NOEC | 6.32 |
LOEC | 20.0 | LOEC | 20.0 |
ErC10 | 13.1 (8.07 - 19.7) | ErdwC10 | 7.29 (4.37 - 11.6) |
ErC20 | 25.2 (17.5 - 33.8) | ErdwC20 | 15.4 (10.4 - 21.2) |
ErC50 | 103 (75.1 - 137) | ErdwC50 | 73.8 (54.1 - 102) |
Yield inhibition (mg/l) | |||
NOEC | 6.32 | NOEC | 6.32 |
LOEC | 20.0 | LOEC | 20.0 |
EyC10 | 12.0 (6.92 .- 17.0) | EydwC10 | 5.32 (<2.00 - 11.1) |
EyC20 | 14.5 (8.29 - 18.2) | EydwC20 | 8.95 (5.71 - 13.4) |
EyC50 | 22.8 (13.5 - 37.4) | EydwC50 | 17.6 (12.5 - 22.1) |
Measure exposure concentrations
Nominal concentration (mg/l) | Start of exposure | End of exposure | ||
Meas. conc. (mg/l) | % | Meas. conc. (mg/l) | % | |
200 | 202 | 101 | 204 | 102 |
63.2 | 59.6 | 94 | 61.2 | 97 |
20.0 | 19.7 | 99 | 20.1 | 100 |
6.32 | 6.11 | 97 | 5.52 | 87 |
2.00 | 1.85 | 93 | 1.58 | 79 |
Control | < LOQm | < LOQm |
Meas. conc: measured concentration of the test item, mean value of 2 injections (dilution factor taken into account)
%: percent of nominal concentration of the test item
LOQm: Limit of quantification of the analytical method (1.5 mg test item/l)
pH conditions
Nominal concentration (mg/l) | 0d Start of exposure |
7d End of exposure |
200 | 6.61 | 6.72 |
63.2 | 6.59 | 6.84 |
20.0 | 6.61 | 6.99 |
6.32 | 6.61 | 7.03 |
2.00 | 6.71 | 7.04 |
Control | 6.57 | 7.04 |
PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS
Inhibition after 7 days
Nominal concentration (mg/l) | Specific growth rate inhibition (%) | Yield inhibition (%) |
100 | 53 | 79 |
10 | -1 | -3 |
1 | 1 | 4 |
Description of key information
ErC50 (7d): 103 mg/l, based on frond number.
ErC50 (7d): 73.8 mg/l, based on dry weight.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 103 mg/L
Additional information
There are no information about the toxicity of Acid Black 222 to acquatic plants, thus the available information on the structural analogue Similar Substance 01 have been taken into consideration; the read across approach can be considered as appropriate and suitable to assess the property under investigation. Details are available in section 13.
The effects of Similar Substance 01 on the growth of Lemna minor were determined according to the principles of OECD guideline 221 (2006). The concentrations of test item were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD: measured concentrations of test item at start of exposure (0 h) were in the range of 93 to 101 % of nominal values; measured concentrations of test item at the end of exposure (7 d) were in the range of 79 to 102 % of nominal values, indicating that concentrations of test item were successfully maintained for the duration of the test. The endpoints were assessed based on nominal concentrations of test item.
The 7-d ErC50, based on frond number, was determined to be 103 mg/l (75.1 - 137 mg/l); the 7-d ErC50, based on dry weight, was determined to be 73.8 mg/l (54.1 - 102 mg/l). The NOEC for growth rate was identified to be 6.32 mg/l, based on both frond number and dry weight. The 7-d EyC50, based on frond number, was determined to be between 22.8 mg/l (13.5 - 37.4 mg/l). The 7-d EyC50, based on dry weight, was determined to be 17.6 mg/l (12.5 - 22.1 mg/l). The NOEC fo yield inhibition was identified to be 6.32 mg/l., based on both frond number and dry weight.
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