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EC number: 264-561-5 | CAS number: 63910-74-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Remarks:
- experimental data of read across substances
- Justification for type of information:
- Data for the target chemical is summarized based on the structurally similar read across chemicals
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- WoE report is based on two biodegradation studies as- WoE-1. and WoE- 2.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- other: 1. anaerobic 2. No data
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 56 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (1)
- Initial conc.:
- > 1 - < 15 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- (2)
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: 1. chromatography
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: 2. HPLC
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Test temperature:
1. 35°C
2. 21-25°C
- pH:
1. No data
2. 7.0-8.0 - Parameter:
- other: chromatography
- Value:
- 57
- Sampling time:
- 56 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Other details not known
- Parameter:
- other: HPLC
- Value:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Other details not known
- Details on results:
- 1. Test substance undergoes 57% degradation by appropriate chromatography method in 56 days. The metabolites identified by the appropriate chromatographic method were 3-amino-6-methylbenzene-N-phenylsulphonamid and 4-amino-3-methy1-1-[4'-sulphophenyl)pyrazolone, respectively.
2. No percentage degradation of test substance was determined by using HPLC parameter. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the percentage degradation of the test chemical can be expected to be range from 0 to 57%, respectively in 56 days. Thus, based on this, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
- Executive summary:
Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the biodegradability of the test chemical . The studies are as mentioned below:
Biodegradation study was carried out to determine the biodegradability rate of the test chemical. Activated sludge was used as an inoculum and the study was performed under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 35°C for a period of 56 days.Samples of the aqueous phase were analyzed either qualitatively or quantitatively by an appropriate chromatographic method for the presence of certain of the expected aromatic amine metabolites.The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 57% by appropriate chromatography method in 56 days. The metabolites identified by theappropriate chromatographic method were 3 -amino-6 -methylbenzene- N-phenylsulphonamid and 4 -amino-3 -methy1 -1 -[4'-sulphophenyl)pyrazolone, respectively. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Another biodegradation study was conducted for evaluating the percentage biodegradation of test chemical. The study was carried outin pilot activated sludge process system using several wastewater and mixed liquor at a temperature of 21-25°C and pH range of 7.0-8.0, respectively. Mass balance calculations were made to determine the amount of the dye compound in the waste activated sludge (WAS) and in the activated sludge effluent (ASE). Activated sludge was used as test inoculum for the study. Test chemical conc. used for the study was 1 and 5 mg/l, respectively.Screened raw wastewater from the Greater Cincinnati Mill Creek Sewage Treatment Plant was used as the influent (INF) to three pilot-scale activated sludge biological treatment systems (two experimental and one control) operated in parallel. Each system consisted of a primary clarifier (33 L), complete-mix aeration basin (200 L), and a secondary clarifier (32 L). Each water soluble dye was dosed as commercial product to the screened raw wastewater for the two experimental systems operated in parallel at targeted active ingredient doses of 1 and 5 mg/L of influent flow (low and high spike systems, respectively). All systems were operated for at least three times.All samples were 24 hr composites made up of 6 grab samples collected every 4 hr and stored at 4°C. The possible removal mechanisms for a dye compound in the ASP system include adsorption, biodegradation, chemical transformation, photodegradation, and air stripping.Dye analytical recovery studies were conducted by dosing the purified dye compound into organic-free water, influent wastewater, and mixed liquor. These studies were run in duplicate and each recovery study was repeated at least once to ensure that the dye compound could be extracted. Purified dye standards were analytically prepared from the commercial dye product by repeated recrystallization. The INF, primary effluent (PE), and ASE were filtered, and the filtrate was passed through a column packed with resin. The filter paper and resin were soaked in an ammonia-acetonitrile solution and then Soxhlet extracted with ammonia-acetonitrile. The extract was concentrated and brought up to 50 mL volume with a methanol/dimethylformamide solution. The mixed liquor (ML) samples were separated into two components, the filtrate or soluble (SOL) fraction and the residue (RES) fraction. The SOL fraction was processed similar to the INF, PE, and ASE samples. The RES fraction and the filter paper were processed similar to these samples but the resin adsorption step was omitted. All extracted samples were analyzed by HPLC with an ultraviolet-visible detector. Total suspended solids (TSS) analyses were also performed on the INF, PE, ML, and ASE samples.Percentage recovery of test chemical was determined to be 98-101%,thus, it appeared that little or no chemical transformation occurred for test chemical because of contact with the variable wastewater and/or sludge matrix under these conditions. Also it was evaluated that the test chemical was adsorbed at a level of 1 -<1% on the ML solids, indicating that the compound was substantially untreated by the activated sludge process (ASP). Thus, based on % recovery of test chemical was can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the percentage degradation of the test chemical can be expected to be range from 0 to 57%, respectively in 56 days. Thus, based on this, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Reference
1. No data
2.
Table: Summary of operating conditions.
Parameter |
Value |
Influent flow rate, L/d |
720 |
Primary sludge flow rate, L/d |
6 |
Primary effluent flow rate, L/d |
714 |
Mixed liquor wastage flow rate, L/d |
67 |
Secondary effluent flow rate, L/d |
647 |
Solids retention time, days |
2.7 |
Hydraulic retention time, days |
0.28 |
Dissolved oxygen, mg/ |
2.0-4.0 |
Target influent spike dosages, mg/L Low High |
1 5 |
Influent pH, pH units |
7.0-8.0 |
Aeration basin temperature, °C |
21-25 |
Recovery for most dyes was within the targeted range of 80% to 120%; thus, it appeared that little or no chemical transformation occurred for these dyes because of contact with the variable wastewater and/or sludge matrix under these conditions.
Table:Percent Recovery of Test Dyes from Sample Matrices.
Dye compound name
|
Sample matrix |
||||||
Org. free water |
Wastewater |
Mixed liquor |
|||||
1 mg/l |
5 mg/l |
1 mg/l |
5 mg/l |
1 mg/l |
5 mg/l |
||
Test chemical
|
101
|
98
|
92
|
97
|
99
|
97
|
|
Where.
- = Not tested
Table:Dye Concentrations Data Summary.
Dye compound name
|
Low spike* |
High spike* |
||||||||
INF |
PE |
ASE |
SOL |
RES* |
INF |
PE |
ASE |
SOL |
RES* |
|
Test chemical
|
0.97
|
0.95
|
0.92
|
0.93
|
< 0.06
|
4.58
|
4.51
|
4.55
|
4.45
|
< 0.05
|
Above table presents the mean concentrations for each of the dyes tested at each ASP sample location.
If a compound in Table below was recovered near the targeted range of 80% to 120%, then it was assumed that this compound was not biodegraded since most of the compound was recovered.Conversely, if the recovery was less than 20% to 30%, then it was assumed the compound was apparently biodegraded.Lastly, if the compound was recovered near the targeted range of 80% to 120%, then one must investigate the percentage adsorbed data..If these data indicated less than 20% adsorbed on the ML solids, then it was assumed that the compound was substantially untreated by the ASP. However, if these data indicated that the amount adsorbed was greater than 30%, then it was concluded that such a compound was removed by apparent adsorption.
Table:Mass balance data summary.
Dye compound name
|
Low spike |
High spike |
||
% recovered |
% adsorbed |
% recovered |
% adsorbed |
|
Test chemical
|
98
|
1
|
101
|
<1 |
Thus, from the above table, it indicates that the test chemical was substantially untreated by the activated sludge process (ASP).
Description of key information
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the percentage degradation of the test chemical is expected to be range from 0 to 57%, respectively in 56 days. Thus, based on this, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the biodegradability of the test chemical . The studies are as mentioned below:
Biodegradation study was carried out to determine the biodegradability rate of the test chemical. Activated sludge was used as an inoculum and the study was performed under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 35°C for a period of 56 days.Samples of the aqueous phase were analyzed either qualitatively or quantitatively by an appropriate chromatographic method for the presence of certain of the expected aromatic amine metabolites.The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 57% by appropriate chromatography method in 56 days. The metabolites identified by theappropriate chromatographic method were 3 -amino-6 -methylbenzene- N-phenylsulphonamid and 4 -amino-3 -methy1 -1 -[4'-sulphophenyl)pyrazolone, respectively. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Another biodegradation study was conducted for evaluating the percentage biodegradation of test chemical. The study was carried outin pilot activated sludge process system using several wastewater and mixed liquor at a temperature of 21-25°C and pH range of 7.0-8.0, respectively. Mass balance calculations were made to determine the amount of the dye compound in the waste activated sludge (WAS) and in the activated sludge effluent (ASE). Activated sludge was used as test inoculum for the study. Test chemical conc. used for the study was 1 and 5 mg/l, respectively.Screened raw wastewater from the Greater Cincinnati Mill Creek Sewage Treatment Plant was used as the influent (INF) to three pilot-scale activated sludge biological treatment systems (two experimental and one control) operated in parallel. Each system consisted of a primary clarifier (33 L), complete-mix aeration basin (200 L), and a secondary clarifier (32 L). Each water soluble dye was dosed as commercial product to the screened raw wastewater for the two experimental systems operated in parallel at targeted active ingredient doses of 1 and 5 mg/L of influent flow (low and high spike systems, respectively). All systems were operated for at least three times.All samples were 24 hr composites made up of 6 grab samples collected every 4 hr and stored at 4°C. The possible removal mechanisms for a dye compound in the ASP system include adsorption, biodegradation, chemical transformation, photodegradation, and air stripping.Dye analytical recovery studies were conducted by dosing the purified dye compound into organic-free water, influent wastewater, and mixed liquor. These studies were run in duplicate and each recovery study was repeated at least once to ensure that the dye compound could be extracted. Purified dye standards were analytically prepared from the commercial dye product by repeated recrystallization. The INF, primary effluent (PE), and ASE were filtered, and the filtrate was passed through a column packed with resin. The filter paper and resin were soaked in an ammonia-acetonitrile solution and then Soxhlet extracted with ammonia-acetonitrile. The extract was concentrated and brought up to 50 mL volume with a methanol/dimethylformamide solution. The mixed liquor (ML) samples were separated into two components, the filtrate or soluble (SOL) fraction and the residue (RES) fraction. The SOL fraction was processed similar to the INF, PE, and ASE samples. The RES fraction and the filter paper were processed similar to these samples but the resin adsorption step was omitted. All extracted samples were analyzed by HPLC with an ultraviolet-visible detector. Total suspended solids (TSS) analyses were also performed on the INF, PE, ML, and ASE samples.Percentage recovery of test chemical was determined to be 98-101%,thus, it appeared that little or no chemical transformation occurred for test chemical because of contact with the variable wastewater and/or sludge matrix under these conditions. Also it was evaluated that the test chemical was adsorbed at a level of 1 -<1% on the ML solids, indicating that the compound was substantially untreated by the activated sludge process (ASP). Thus, based on % recovery of test chemical was can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the percentage degradation of the test chemical can be expected to be range from 0 to 57%, respectively in 56 days. Thus, based on this, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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