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EC number: 272-818-8 | CAS number: 68915-97-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the atmospheric distillation of crude oil. It boils in the range of approximately 282°C to 349°C (540°F to 660°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key acute oral (OECD 401), dermal (OECD 402), and inhalation (OECD 403) studies were identified for straight run gas oils. LD50 and LC50 values were as follows:
• The oral LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg bw in male and female rats.
• The dermal LD50 was > 2000 mg/kg bw in male and female rabbits.
• The LC50 was 1.78 mg/L in male and female rats.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 5 000 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- 1 780 mg/m³ air
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
Additional information
Key acute oral, dermal, and inhalation studies were identified from American Petroleum Institute (API) (Klimisch scores=1). Based on the results of the studies, straight run gas oils are of low acute toxicity, with an oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg (rat), a dermal LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg (rabbit), and an inhalation LC50 of 1.78 mg/L (rat). Additional detail on the studies are reported below.
Acute Oral Toxicity
In an acute oral toxicity study (API, 1985a), five male and five female fasted Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single oral dose of straight run middle distillate (petroleum). Clinical signs observed during the study period included hypoactivity, ataxia, diarrhoea, lacrimation, oily yellow-stained coat, and hair loss. No mortality was observed. Body weights in both males and females increased at day 7 and continued to increase at 14 days post-treatment. The oral LD50 for straight run middle distillate in male and female rats was calculated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight.
Acute Dermal Toxicity
In an acute dermal toxicity study (API, 1985a), 4 male and 4 female albino New Zealand rabbits were exposed to straight run middle distillate (petroleum) for 24 hours to approximately 10% of their body surface, at 2000 mg/kg bw. No sign of systemic toxicity or mortality was observed at this dosage level. Slight to moderate dermal irritation for erythema, oedema, atonia, desquamation, and fissuring, and slight coriaceousness was observed. The dermal LD50 was determined to be >2000 mg/kg in males and females.
Acute Inhalation Toxicity
In an acute inhalation toxicity study (API, 1987), groups of young adult Sprague-Dawley rats, 5 male and 5 female in each exposure group, were exposed by inhalation route to a straight run middle distillate (petroleum) aerosol for four hours to the whole body at concentrations from 1.05 mg/L to 5.39 mg/L. Animals were observed for 14 days. No animals died in the air-only control group or the lowest test material concentration, while all the animals exposed to the highest concentration had died by two days post-exposure. Body weight gain depression, pharmacotoxic signs, gross necropsy findings and acute histopathologic changes in the lung were all considered related to treatment. They were most severe in the animals that died 2 to 4 days after exposure. Estimated LC50 values were 1.78 mg/L for the combined sexes and 1.72 mg/L for males rats and 1.82 mg/L for females. Supporting studies on acute oral and dermal toxicity offer further support that straight run gas oils are not acute oral or dermal toxicants, with the reported oral LD50 value being greater than 5000 mg/kg in male and female rats and the dermal LD50 value being greater than 2000 mg/kg in male and female rabbits (ARCO, 1990a, 1990b).Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on evaluation of all the acute toxicity data discussed above, straight run gas oils do not meet the criteria for classification as an acute oral or dermal toxicant under the EU CLP Regulation (EC No. 1272/2008), because the LD50 values are greater than the limits for classification defined in the legislation. Straight run gas oil aerosols do meet the criteria for classification as an acute inhalation toxicant under the
EU CLP Regulation (EC No. 1272/2008) and are classified as H322.
Regulatory classification and labelling for aspiration toxicity relies on the measured or calculated kinematic viscosity of a substance at 40°C rather than results from toxicological studies with animals. Hydrocarbons with kinematic viscosities viscosities ≤ 20.5 mm2/sec are classified for aspiration toxicity according to EU CLP criteria. As members of this category may exist as low viscosity liquids that meet these criteria, substances in this category having kinematic viscosities, based on measured or calculated kinematic viscosities, ≤ 20.5 mm2/s at 40oC meet the EU CLP criteria for aspiration hazard.
Straight run gas oils with kinematic viscosities ≤ 20.5 mms/sec are classified as aspiration hazards (H304) according to the EU CLP Regulation (EC No. 1272/2008).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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