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EC number: 235-219-2 | CAS number: 12135-22-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This is a guideline experimental study, of unknown GLP status, minor restirictions in the design and/or reporting but otherwise accepatable for assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 9277:2010(E)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: AA_LP_814_BET_08
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 14488:2007(E)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 13320:2009(E)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: SAA_Troken_DISP, SAA LB2000
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- Laser scattering/diffraction
- Type of distribution:
- other: dry dispersion
- Percentile:
- D50
- Remarks on result:
- other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 0.27 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Range; 0.27 - 0.28 µm
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 0.67 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Range; 0.67 - 0.68 µm
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 12.1 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Range; 10.1 - 14.1 µm
- Conclusions:
- The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxid were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.
- Executive summary:
This is a guideline experimental study, of unknown GLP status, minor restirictions in the design and/or reporting but otherwise accepatable as the key study for this endpoint. The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxid were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.
Reference
Mean specific surface area N-BET = 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.
Table 1: N-BET analysis data and percentiles calculated from the particle size distribution for palladium
Analysis 1 | Analysis 2 | Analysis 3 | Average | |
Specific surface area N-BET (m2/g) | 133 ± 1.2 | 133 ± 1.2 | 133 ± 1.5 | |
X10;3 (μm) | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.27 |
X50;3 (μm) | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 |
X90;3 (μm) | 11.9 | 10.1 | 14.1 | 12.1 |
Description of key information
The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxide were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.
Additional information
Potthoff (2012) is a non-GLP, guideline experimental study, and is suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The average 10th, 50th and 90th percentile particle sizes for palladium dihydroxide were 0.27, 0.67 and 12.1 μm, respectively. The average specific surface area was determined as 133 ± 1.5 m2/g.
Walker and White (2011) is a GLP compliant, guideline study providing a screening assessment of particle size for palladium dihydroxide. The proportion of palladium dihydroxide < 100 μm was 13.1 %.
Testing has also been conducted on a sample of ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’. Further assessment of the substance identity of the test item indicated that based on the analytical data this sample was the same substance as palladium dihydroxide. Studies conducted on the sample of ‘palladium monoxide (hydrate)’ are therefore included in the dossier for palladium dihydroxide. The particle size distribution of palladium monoxide (hydrate) was measured using Microtrac X-100 as part of a transformation / dissolution study (Skeaff and Beaudoin 2012). The results are considered to be suitable for use for this endpoint. The particle size distribution of palladium monoxide (hydrate) was determined and showed 50% of particles <62.3 µm.
Specific surface area was determine using a Micromeretics Flowsorb II BET gas adsorption desorption technique. Specific surface area for palladium monoxide (hydrate) was determined to be 0.93 m2/g (calculated from particle size) and 7.93 m2/g (measured by BET).
A screening assessment of particle size was conducted for a sample of palladium monoxide (hydrate) in a GLP compliant, guideline study (O'Connor and Woolley 2011). The proportion of palladium monoxide (hydrated solid) < 100 μm is 26.8%
The dustiness of palladium dihydroxide was tested in a modified Heubach procedure according to the guideline DIN 55992-1:2006 (Selck and Parr 2011). The study is non-GLP, but follows a standard guideline and is considered to be reliable. The total dustiness of palladium dihydroxide was determined to be 138.92 mg/g. The inhalable fraction was 83.16 mg/g, the thoracic fraction was 14.97 mg/g and the respirable fraction was 3.16 mg/g. The Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) was 29.77 μm with Geometric Standard Deviation of 2.13 μm.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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